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Case of the Week #198

24 February 2011 Case of the Week #198

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Thanks to Dr. Zlatko Marusic, Sestre Milosrdnice Clinical Hospital (Croatia), for contributing this case. To contribute a Case of the Week, follow the guidelines on our Case of the Week page.


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Case of the Week #198

Clinical History

A 55 year old woman presented with hematuria. A bladder biopsy was obtained.

Micro images:

           

What is your diagnosis?































Diagnosis:

Pseudocarcinomatous epithelial hyperplasia of the urinary bladder

Discussion:

There is a characteristic downward proliferation of urothelial nests with focal squamous metaplasia but without atypia. The nests wrap around vessels with fibrin deposition and congestion. One of the photomicrographs shows calcifications next to the biopsy fragment.

In 2000, Baker and Young reported 4 cases of radiation cystitis with pseudocarcinomatous proliferations, which were often confused with invasive carcinoma (Hum Pathol 2000;31:678). Two subsequent case series describe this entity. The first series, by Chan and Epstein (Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:909), reported on 20 patients with similar biopsy features and a history of pelvic irradiation or systemic chemotherapy. The second case series, by Lane and Epstein (Am J Surg Pathol 2008;32:92), described 8 patients with ischemia or chronic irritation, but no history of irradiation. Pseudocarcinomatous epithelial hyperplasia of the urinary bladder has also been described in reviews of pseudoneoplastic or therapy-induced lesions of the urinary bladder (Mod Pathol 2009;22:S37, Open Pathol J 2009;3:74).

In the present case, a pathologist search for prior biopsies revealed a history of radation therapy for uterine cancer three years previous.

Despite the pseudoinvasive nests, these lesions have characteristic findings that differentiate these cases from invasive carcinoma. Most cases show no mitotic figures, but there is frequently hemorrhage, thickened vessels and other radiation associated vascular changes. Other features include fibrin deposition, fibrin thrombi, fibrosis, inflammation, hemosiderin, ulceration, edema and vascular congestion.

No treatment is required for this reactive condition.


Nat Pernick, M.D., President
and Liz Parker, B.A., Associate Medical Editor
PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
30100 Telegraph Road, Suite 408
Bingham Farms, Michigan (USA) 48025
Telephone: 248/646-0325
Email: NatPernick@Hotmail.com
Alternate email: NatPernick@gmail.com