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Bladder

Congenital anomalies

Hypoplasia

Reviewer: Alcides Chaux, M.D., Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (see Reviewers page)
Revised: 3 July 2011, last major update April 2011
Copyright: (c) 2003-2011, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.

Definition
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● Bladder with low capacity (volume)

Terminology
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● A component of Potter sequence (Wikipedia)

Epidemiology
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● Very rare

Etiology
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● Causes include abnormal organogenesis during weeks 5-9 of embryogenesis (syndrome of caudal regression), affecting the development of the primitive cloaca; low urine output/inadequate bladder cycling (due to bilateral renal agenesis, severe renal dysplasia); low outlet resistance (epispadias) or functional bypassing of the bladder (bilateral ureteral ectopia)

Clinical features
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● Usually accompanied by other genitourinary malformations (renal agenesis, ureter dysplasia, vaginal agenesis, fused renal ectopia) or gastrointestinal malformations (intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus)
● Also associated with obstructive uropathy, hydronephrosis

Case reports
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● Bilateral single ectopic ureters with hypoplastic bladder (J Pediatr Urol 2007;3:243)

Treatment
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● Many require bladder augmentation or staged ureteral reimplantation to achieve adequate bladder capacity

End of Bladder > Congenital anomalies > Hypoplasia

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