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Bladder
Acquired non-neoplastic anomalies
Author: Nat Pernick, M.D. (see Authors page)
Editor: name, affiliation
Revised: 12 February 2010, last major update - February 2010
Copyright: (c) 2002-2010, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
Definition
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● Usually solitary phosphate stones, but may also be urate or oxalate stones
Terminology
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Epidemiology
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● Less common than kidney stones
● Usually associated with bladder outlet obstruction
● More common in males, usually elderly, associated with prostatic nodular hyperplasia
● Common in quadriplegia/paraplegia
Sites
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Etiology
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● Concentrated urine (due to bladder outlet obstruction) causes crystalization of minerals in urine (MedlinePlus)
Clinical features
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Prognostic factors
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Case reports
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Treatment
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● Mechanical removal, cystolithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave therapy
● Recurs in 10% of patients after removal
Clinical images
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Delicate jack bladder stones Bladder stone
No thumbnails: bladder stones
Gross description (Macroscopy)
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Gross images
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Micro description (Histopathology)
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Micro images
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Cytology description
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Cytology images
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Positive stains
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Negative stains
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Electron microscopy descriptions
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Electron microscopy images
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Molecular / cytogenetics description
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Molecular / cytogenetics images
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Differential Diagnosis
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● (link to topic)
Additional references
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End of Bladder > Acquired non-neoplastic anomalies > Lithiasis (stones)
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