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Breast-nonmalignant
Congenital anomalies
Nipple inversion of breast
Author: Nat Pernick, M.D.
Editor: Hind Nassar, M.D., Johns Hopkins Medical Institute (see Reviewers page)
Revised: 25 September 2012, last major update February 2010
Copyright: (c) 2002-2012, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
Definition
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● Nipple is pulled inward in its entirety
Epidemiology
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● Affects males and females
● Occurs in 10% of women (Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2008;35:285)
● 87% are bilateral (Aesthetic Plast Surg 1999;23:144)
● Familial in 50%
Etiology
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● Congenital: usually caused by fibrous bands and hypoplastic ductal system tethering nipple in inverted position
● Acquired: due to duct ectasia, periductal abcess, cancer; also associated with large, pendulous breasts
Clinical features
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● Grade I, II or III (Plast Reconstr Surg 1999;104:389)
● Interferes with nursing, may be confused with cancer
Treatment
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● Surgery (Plast Reconstr Surg 2007;119:1178, Aesthetic Plast Surg 2008;32:641, Aesthetic Plast Surg 2009 Nov 21 [Epub ahead of print])
● Continuous elastic outside distraction (Ann Plast Surg 2005;54:120)
Clinical images
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Inverted nipple Grade I Grade II Grade III
Man with inverted nipples
End of Breast-nonmalignant > Congenital anomalies > Nipple inversion of breast
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