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Cite this page: Ehdaivand S Sex cord stromal tumors - general. PathologyOutlines.com website. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorsexcordgeneral.html. Accessed June 16th, 2019.
Definition / general
- 5% of ovarian neoplasms, 7% of malignant ovarian neoplasms
- Derived from ovarian stroma, itself derived from sex cords of embryonic gonad (predecessor of Sertoli, Leydig, granulosa and theca cells)
- Theca cells produce estrogens; Leydig cells produce androgens
- Morphology and clinically evident hormonal activity may go together, but classify based on morphology
Positive stains
- Alpha-inhibin, Müllerian inhibiting substance, alpha-inhibin (> 95%), calretinin (more sensitive, less specific than inhibin, Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:1477), CD99 (Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000;124:563), MART1 / MelanA and WT-1
Negative stains
- EMA, PLAP and CEA
- Note: anti-Müllerian hormone staining is present in only a small percentage of granulosa or Sertoli tumor cells, but is specific for these tumors (Hum Pathol 2000;31:1202), particularly compared to endometrioid tumors (Hum Pathol 1998;29:840)
- Strong alpha-inhibin staining is relatively specific for ovarian sex-cord stromal proliferations, although luteinized cells from other tumors are also immunoreactiveb (Hum Pathol 1997;28:1387, Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:583)
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