Placenta - Chorangioma

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Placenta

Non-trophoblastic neoplasms

Chorangioma

Reviewers: Mandolin Ziadie, M.D. (see Reviewers page)
Revised: 29 November 2011, last major update November 2011
Copyright: (c) 2003-2011, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.

Definition
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● Benign hemangioma of the placenta, identified in 1% of placentas if carefully examined
● Usually small and of no clinical significance
● Large tumors associated with shunting of blood across tumor, high output congestive heart failure, polyhydramnios, placenta previa, cutaneous hemangiomas and premature delivery
● May be associated with living in areas of high elevation

Gross description
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● Well circumscribed, purple-red, homogenous mass lesion usually < 0.5 cm
● Often located under chorionic plate and at placental margin

Micro description
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● Well-circumscribed mass of small capillaries lined by benign endothelium, may demonstrate mitoses or degenerative changes
● May be associated with non-specific trophoblast hyperplasia similar to partial moles, but lesions are not composed of trophoblastic tissue
● May be capillary, cavernous, cellular, angiomatous, degenerative or atypical

● Atypical chorangioma: rare; characterized by increased cellularity and mitotic activity; variable nuclear atypia, necrosis and solid areas; may resemble sarcoma, but benign behavior (Arch Pathol Lab Med 1999;123:536)

Positive stains
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● CK18 (indicates origin from chorionic plate and anchoring villi), CD31, CD34, factor VIII, GLUT1

EM description
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● Normal endothelial cells and various vascular structures (Am J Surg Pathol 1980;4:87)

End of Placenta > Non-trophoblastic neoplasms > Chorangioma

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