General
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• Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
• Members of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily (20 types cloned through October 2005)
• Used for intercellular signals including cell growth and differentiation
• Ubiquitous in embryonic development; also involved in apoptosis
• Blocking their activity in chickens leads to duck feet
• Deletion causes lack of mesoderm development, lack of sperm development, eye/kidney deformities, misshapen feet
• Overexpression associated with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, various bone and soft tissue sarcomas
• Colonic adenocarcinoma: BMP5 and BMP6 prominent in cytoplasm of tumor cells, BMP2 and BMP4 strongly expressed in surrounding mesenchymal cells

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