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Table of Contents
Definition / general | Pathophysiology | Clinical features | Uses by pathologists | Microscopic (histologic) images | Positive staining - normal | Positive staining - diseaseCite this page: CXCL16. PathologyOutlines.com website. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/stainscxcl16.html. Accessed July 12th, 2017.
Definition / general
- Newly identified chemokine, described in both transmembrane and soluble forms
- CXC Chemokine Ligand 16
- Also named SR-PSOX (scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein)
- Receptor is CXCR6
Pathophysiology
- Scavenger receptor which regulates inflammation, tissue injury and fibrosis
- Involved in cell adhesion and chemoattraction; also scavenger of oxidized lipoproteins including LDL (J Neurol 2014;261:1544)
- Transmembrane CXCL16 is expressed on surface of macrophages, dendritic cells and monocytes, where it functions as an adhesion molecule for CXCR6+ immune cells (Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:478641)
- Transmembrane CXCL16 undergoes cleavage by metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 before released in soluble form to outside of cell (Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:478641)
- Soluble CXCL16 prompts migration of CXCR6+ leukocytes
Clinical features
- Breast cancer: cellular CXCL16 may inhibit breast cancer tumorigenesis (Mediators Inflamm 2014;2014:478641)
- Colorectal cancer: poor prognostic marker (Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19 Suppl 3:S518)
- Ewing sarcoma: may be poor prognostic factor (Hum Pathol 2014;45:753)
- Ovarian cancer: high serum sCXCL16 is poor prognostic marker (Br J Cancer 2014 Mar 18;110:1535)
- Atherosclerosis: promotes atherogenic effects in vivo and predicts long term mortality in acute coronary syndrome (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:3041)
- May predict renal injury in type 2 diabetes (PLoS One 2014;9:e87786) and acute nephrotic syndrome in children (Diagn Pathol 2014;9:23)
- Colitis: associated with phagocytosis of bacterial antigens in experimental colitis and with development of experimental colitis in mice
- Expression increased in inflamed lesions of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis (UC: active or remission, J Crohns Colitis 2014;8:1222)
Uses by pathologists
- No specific uses at this time
Microscopic (histologic) images
Images hosted on other servers:
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Meningioma
Positive staining - normal
- Transmembrane CXCL16 is expressed on surface of macrophages, dendritic cells (including plasmacytic dendritic cells,
- plasmacytic dendritic cells, Mediators Inflamm 2013;2013:312590) and monocytes
- B cells (reduced in some common variable immunodeficiency patients, ScientificWorldJournal 2012;2012:960219)
- Parenchymal renal cells, vascular wall cells, platelets express or release CXCL16 (Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014;25:317)
Positive staining - disease
- Blood vessels: high expression of CXCL16 mRNA and protein in plaques of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis (Arch Med Sci 2014;10:47)
- Cervix (CIN / invasive carcinoma,Chin J Cancer 2013;32:289)
- Soft tissue: Ewing sarcoma (Hum Pathol 2014;45:753)
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