Stains - Metalloproteinases (MMP)

Home Chapter Home Jobs Conferences Fellowships Books

Stains

Metalloproteinases (MMP)

Reviewer: Nat Pernick, M.D. (see Reviewers page)
Revised: 7 January 2013, last major update January 2013
Copyright: (c) 2002-2012, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.

See also MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13 below

Definition
=========================================================================

● Family of neutral zinc metalloenzymes secreted as latent proenzymes, activated by proteolytic cleavage of NH2 terminal domain
● Degrade various extracellular matrix proteins and other molecules (Wikipedia)
● Includes collagenase (degrades collagen types I, II and III), gelatinase (degrades type IV collagen) and stromeolysins
● Imbalance between metalloproteinases and their inhibitors (TIMPs) are associated with tumor degradation of the extracellular matrix
● Also regulate inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, various renal diseases (Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012;302:F1351)
● Mediate endometrial matrix remodeling prior to menstruation (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:E888)

Uses by pathologists
=========================================================================

● No clinical uses at this time

Micro images
=========================================================================

Immunohistochemical localization of MMP2 (A), MMP3 (B) and MMP9 (C) in normal colon

MMP2 (left) and MMP9 (right) in situ hybridization in colorectal tumor sections

Fig A: MMP2; Fig B: MMP9

MMP1

Definition
=========================================================================

● Matrix metalloproteinase 1
● Also called collagenase1, interstitial collagenase
● Cleaves alpha chains of types I, II and III collagen, apparently facilitating tumor invasion through collagenous stroma
● Expression increased in endothelial cells

Positive staining - disease
=========================================================================

● Colonic carcinoma (stroma and epithelium, Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:206)

MMP2

Definition
=========================================================================

● Also called type IV gelatinase A
● MMP2 and its inhibitor TIMP2 are secreted independently and complex extracellularly
● Activated by type IV urokinase plasminogen activator when MMP2 or MMP9 are bound to cell surface; degraded by same when MMPs are in soluble form
● Impaired balance in local levels of MMPs and TIMPs causes extracellular matrix degradation during tumor invasion
● MMP2 and MMP9 are upregulated at invasive front of endometrioid endometrial and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas, may degrade basement membrane (Hum Pathol 2011;42:57)

Positive staining - disease
=========================================================================

● Bladder carcinoma (71%)

MMP3

Definition
=========================================================================

● Also called stromeolysin-1

MMP9

Definition
=========================================================================

● Also called type IV gelatinase B
● Bladder carcinoma: 71% of tumor cells are immunoreactive

MMP13

Definition
=========================================================================

● Principal proteinase expressed by stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone, has role in bone resorption (Hum Pathol 2010;41:1320)

End of Stains > Metalloproteinases (MMP)

This information is intended for physicians and related personnel, who understand that medical information is often imperfect, and must be interpreted in the context of a patient's clinical data using reasonable medical judgment. This website should not be used as a substitute for the advice of a licensed physician.

All information on this website is protected by copyright of PathologyOutlines.com, Inc. Information from third parties may also be protected by copyright. Please contact us at copyrightPathOut@gmail.com with any questions (click here for other contact information).