Advertisement
Uterus
Non tumor
Endometriosis
Copyright: 2002-2017, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed search: endometriosis [title] uterus NOT tumor
Non tumor
Endometriosis
Author: Nat Pernick, M.D.
Topic Completed: 1 November 2011
Revised: 21 February 2019
Copyright: 2002-2017, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed search: endometriosis [title] uterus NOT tumor
Table of Contents
Definition / general | Diagrams / tables | Treatment | Gross description | Gross images | Microscopic (histologic) description | Microscopic (histologic) images | Cytology images | Positive stains | Differential diagnosis | Additional referencesCite this page: Pernick N. Endometriosis. PathologyOutlines.com website. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/uterusendometriosis.html. Accessed June 24th, 2019.
Definition / general
- Endometrial tissue outside the uterus; closely related to adenomyosis
- Women 20 - 30 years old, up to 10% of all women affected
- Consists of functional layers of endometrium that go through menstrual changes, although is more proliferative than normal endometrium
- Causes pain, infertility (1/3 of women are infertile)
- Causes: regurgitation (retrograde menstruation), metaplasia and angiolymphatic dissemination (to lungs, nodes); metaplastic change of secondary Müllerian system represented by pelvic mesothelium
- Sites: ovaries > uterine ligaments > rectovaginal septum > pelvic peritoneum > scar
- Rarely in lymph nodes, usually with cuboidal epithelium, no stroma, limited to capsule and resembles tubal epithelium; call endosalpingiosis
- Rarely has extensive intestinal tract involvement, resembling other intestinal diseases (Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:445)
- May undergo malignant transformation (Hum Pathol 2000;31:456)
- Malignant tumors: endometrioid > clear cell, endometrial stromal sarcoma and MMMT
- Organizing hemorrhage may cause adhesions, ovarian chocolate cysts
Diagrams / tables
Images hosted on other servers:
Chocolate cyst
Treatment
- Hormones, surgery (including robotic assisted laparascopy, JSLS 2011;15:387)
Gross description
- Blue cystic nodules surrounded by fibrosis
- Rarely, polypoid masses simulating a neoplasm (Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:285)
Gross images
Images hosted on other servers:
Small foci resembling "powder burns"
"Chocolate" cyst
Microscopic (histologic) description
- Contains at least two of three features - endometrial glands, endometrial stroma and hemorrhage
- May be a dense fibrous mass
- May undergo mucinous metaplasia (also called endocervicosis or myxoid change)
- Associated with perineurial invasion
- May be associated with skeletal muscle regeneration (Am J Surg Pathol 2010;34:10)
Microscopic (histologic) images
Images hosted on other servers:
Focus of endometriosis
Endometrial glands and stroma in wall of GI tract
p63 expression
Multifocal polypoid
endometriosis
presenting as huge
pelvic masses
Cytology images
Images hosted on PathOut server:
Contributed by Dr. Carmen Luz:
metrial epithelium
in FNA from
abdominal wall
Round endometrial epithelial group with slight atypia
Sheet of endometrial epithelium
adjacent to a group of endocervical
epithelium and endometrial stroma
from an endometrial direct cytology
Positive stains
- CD10 (endometrial stromal cells, Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003;127:1003), p63 (nuclear staining in glandular component, Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007;131:1099)
- Also CK7, ER, PR, usually CA125 (Hum Pathol 2008;39:954)
Differential diagnosis
- Well differentiated adenocarcinoma if endocervicosis present
- Pseudomyxoma peritonei if myxoid change (may also be caused by endometriosis, Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113:860)
Advertisement
