Stains, CD markers & molecular markers topic template
Revised: 10 January 2024
Copyright: 2018-2024, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
Examples of well written Stains, CD markers & molecular markers topics: Desmin and ALK
For ease of use, we put topic headings in the same order. Please put some text under each heading, but do not include obvious or repetitive information. If you think there is nothing to add, please write "not relevant to this topic", "repetitive with __ heading" or "unknown at this time." Do not delete any topic headings. Please italicize genes throughout the topic, but do not italicize proteins.
Author 1
Author name with degrees: ___________________________________________
Author rank (M.D. candidate / Resident / Fellow / Instructor / Assistant, Associate or Full Professor): ___________________________________________
Author leadership roles (maximum of 2) (ex: Director of Surgical Pathology, Vice Chair of Anatomic Pathology, Director of Cytopathology): ___________________________________________
Author institution name: ___________________________________________
Author institution city, state, zip code and country: ___________________________________________
Author email address: ___________________________________________
Author 2
Author name with degrees: ___________________________________________
Author rank (Assistant, Associate or Full Professor): ___________________________________________
Author leadership roles (maximum of 2) (ex: Director of Surgical Pathology, Vice Chair of Anatomic Pathology, Director of Cytopathology): ___________________________________________
Author institution name: ___________________________________________
Author institution city, state, zip code and country: ___________________________________________
Author email address: ___________________________________________
Chapter name: ___________________________________________
Section and subsection (in the Table of Contents): ___________________________________________
Topic name:___________________________________________
Definition / general
A 1 - 2 sentence summary of the topic.
Essential features
This topic heading should be completed after the rest of the topic is finished, and should duplicate the 3 - 5 most important points mentioned elsewhere in the topic. In other words, it should list what every pathologist should know about the topic or what would be in a Board Review book.
Terminology
Other names used today or historically that pathologists may be more familiar with.
Pathophysiology
Step by step details of how the marker typically works in the body beyond what is stated in Definition / general.
Diagrams
Those that don't automatically fit in another section. Provide a brief caption for all diagrams and a detailed figure legend if this is your own diagram.
For images to be posted on PathologyOutlines.com, please fill out the following for each image:
Name of image contributor: _________________
Image title (file name): _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Legend (detailed description): _________________
For images linked to an outside website, please fill out the following for each image:
PMID: _________________
Figure #: _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Clinical features
Anything clinical not included above or below. Includes clinical conditions associated with an altered biomarker.
Interpretation
Describe which part of the cell stains (cytoplasm, nucleus, Golgi, cell membrane) and any relevant staining patterns (diffuse, dot-like).
Uses by pathologists
How are these results typically used by practicing pathologists? For some markers, there is "no current clinical use by pathologists."
Prognostic factors
Favorable or unfavorable prognostic factors for a condition based on the biomarker result. Overall prognosis, recurrence rates, etc.
Microscopic (histologic) description
Any features describing staining patterns beyond what is stated above under Interpretation.
Microscopic (histologic) images
The author must take and submit a minimum of 6 high quality representative micro images. Include relevant H&E images followed by corresponding stain images. For each image, submit both a caption and a figure legend in the manuscript word document. Do not include your name, twitter handle, institution or logo on the image. The caption will appear below the thumbnail of the image and should be 1 - 4 words describing the image findings, such as "cytologic atypia", "chronic inflammation", "epithelioid cells", "chromogranin" or "AE1 / AE3". Do not use captions such as "Case 1", "Various images", "H&E" or "100x". The figure legend will appear when the image is open and must contain all relevant information including site, procedure, diagnosis, key histologic findings and stain. Do not use figure legends such as "Case 1" or "Representative images". We will remove all existing outside micro images.
For images to be posted on PathologyOutlines.com, please fill out the following for each image:
Name of image contributor: _________________
Image title (file name): _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Legend (detailed description): _________________
Virtual slides
Please check this site: University of Toronto. Provide a brief 1 - 4 word caption for each slide. If no virtual slides found, please advise. Contact us for instructions on how to submit virtual slides. Please limit slides to 6 per topic and only include the most relevant / representative slides.
Positive staining - normal (not required for molecular markers)
Describe tissues that are typically positive for the biomarker. Journal references are mandatory.
Positive staining - disease (not required for molecular markers)
Provide a list of the names of relevant diseases / tumors that are positive at least 50% of the time for the biomarker. Diseases / tumors that are predominantly negative for the biomarker should go in the negative staining section. Begin each bullet with the name(s) of the disease(s) / tumor(s). If not uniformly positive, provide percentage of cases. Journal references are mandatory.
Negative staining (not required for molecular markers)
Describe diseases / tumors that are typically negative for the biomarker. Give percentages if not uniformly negative. Journal references are mandatory.
Molecular / cytogenetics description
Description of DNA / RNA findings based on testing via sequencing, PCR, FISH, CISH, ISH, cytogenetics, etc.
Molecular / cytogenetics images
Images of FISH, CISH, ISH, electropherograms, PCR gels, karyograms, etc. For images you submit, provide a brief 1 - 4 word caption to appear below the thumbnail of the image and a longer figure legend to appear when the image is opened.
For images to be posted on PathologyOutlines.com, please fill out the following for each image:
Name of image contributor: _________________
Image title (file name): _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Legend (detailed description): _________________
For images linked to an outside website, please fill out the following for each image:
PMID: _________________
Figure #: _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Sample pathology report
Provide an example of one typical diagnostic report for a diagnosis involving this stain. This is very useful for pathologists who have not used this stain before and need basic guidance in how it is commonly reported. Begin with a line that states the organ and procedure in the format "Organ, procedure:". On the following lines provide the diagnosis. Include all information that would be in a diagnosis except for the synoptic report. State "(see synoptic report)" at the end of the diagnosis line if a synoptic report would be included. If you would include a comment in your report, state "(see comment)" and on the next line include your comment with all content that you would write in your report. Refer to these examples: CD38, DUX4, YAP1. Please fill out the following:
Additional references
General references for this topic not included above.
Board Review Question(s)
Prepare at least 1 board review style question that highlights important content from this topic. These are not actual questions from the Pathology boards but review questions written in a similar format. The questions should test basic, essential diagnostic concepts that all pathologists should know rather than minor details. The topic needs to contain all information relevant to correct and incorrect answers. The first question must contain an image of the entity followed by a multiple choice question, such as "Which of the following is true about XXX tumor/disease?" The image can be reused from the topic. Do not use the format "Which of the following is false?" Questions should have only one answer. Do not use responses "all of the above", "none of the above", "A and C", etc. This question will be part of our Board Review page so the reader will not know the topic with which it is associated. Therefore you must make the organ clear in the question and the diagnosis clear in the answer. The second question may have an image associated with it but an image is not required. Click here for examples.
Board Review Answer(s)
Answers to the Question(s) above, sorted alphabetically by the first letter in the answer. Include an explanation of why the correct answer is correct and the other options are incorrect. Please fill out the following:
[letter] . [correct answer] . [explanation] . Answer [letter] is incorrect because [explanation] . Answer [letter] is incorrect because [explanation] . Answer [letter] is incorrect because [explanation] .
Revised: 10 January 2024
Copyright: 2018-2024, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
Examples of well written Stains, CD markers & molecular markers topics: Desmin and ALK
For ease of use, we put topic headings in the same order. Please put some text under each heading, but do not include obvious or repetitive information. If you think there is nothing to add, please write "not relevant to this topic", "repetitive with __ heading" or "unknown at this time." Do not delete any topic headings. Please italicize genes throughout the topic, but do not italicize proteins.
Author 1
Author name with degrees: ___________________________________________
Author rank (M.D. candidate / Resident / Fellow / Instructor / Assistant, Associate or Full Professor): ___________________________________________
Author leadership roles (maximum of 2) (ex: Director of Surgical Pathology, Vice Chair of Anatomic Pathology, Director of Cytopathology): ___________________________________________
Author institution name: ___________________________________________
Author institution city, state, zip code and country: ___________________________________________
Author email address: ___________________________________________
Author 2
Author name with degrees: ___________________________________________
Author rank (Assistant, Associate or Full Professor): ___________________________________________
Author leadership roles (maximum of 2) (ex: Director of Surgical Pathology, Vice Chair of Anatomic Pathology, Director of Cytopathology): ___________________________________________
Author institution name: ___________________________________________
Author institution city, state, zip code and country: ___________________________________________
Author email address: ___________________________________________
Chapter name: ___________________________________________
Section and subsection (in the Table of Contents): ___________________________________________
Topic name:___________________________________________
Definition / general
A 1 - 2 sentence summary of the topic.
- >
Essential features
This topic heading should be completed after the rest of the topic is finished, and should duplicate the 3 - 5 most important points mentioned elsewhere in the topic. In other words, it should list what every pathologist should know about the topic or what would be in a Board Review book.
- >
Terminology
Other names used today or historically that pathologists may be more familiar with.
- >
Pathophysiology
Step by step details of how the marker typically works in the body beyond what is stated in Definition / general.
- >
Diagrams
Those that don't automatically fit in another section. Provide a brief caption for all diagrams and a detailed figure legend if this is your own diagram.
For images to be posted on PathologyOutlines.com, please fill out the following for each image:
Name of image contributor: _________________
Image title (file name): _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Legend (detailed description): _________________
For images linked to an outside website, please fill out the following for each image:
PMID: _________________
Figure #: _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Clinical features
Anything clinical not included above or below. Includes clinical conditions associated with an altered biomarker.
- >
Interpretation
Describe which part of the cell stains (cytoplasm, nucleus, Golgi, cell membrane) and any relevant staining patterns (diffuse, dot-like).
- >
Uses by pathologists
How are these results typically used by practicing pathologists? For some markers, there is "no current clinical use by pathologists."
- >
Prognostic factors
Favorable or unfavorable prognostic factors for a condition based on the biomarker result. Overall prognosis, recurrence rates, etc.
- >
Microscopic (histologic) description
Any features describing staining patterns beyond what is stated above under Interpretation.
- >
Microscopic (histologic) images
The author must take and submit a minimum of 6 high quality representative micro images. Include relevant H&E images followed by corresponding stain images. For each image, submit both a caption and a figure legend in the manuscript word document. Do not include your name, twitter handle, institution or logo on the image. The caption will appear below the thumbnail of the image and should be 1 - 4 words describing the image findings, such as "cytologic atypia", "chronic inflammation", "epithelioid cells", "chromogranin" or "AE1 / AE3". Do not use captions such as "Case 1", "Various images", "H&E" or "100x". The figure legend will appear when the image is open and must contain all relevant information including site, procedure, diagnosis, key histologic findings and stain. Do not use figure legends such as "Case 1" or "Representative images". We will remove all existing outside micro images.
For images to be posted on PathologyOutlines.com, please fill out the following for each image:
Name of image contributor: _________________
Image title (file name): _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Legend (detailed description): _________________
Virtual slides
Please check this site: University of Toronto. Provide a brief 1 - 4 word caption for each slide. If no virtual slides found, please advise. Contact us for instructions on how to submit virtual slides. Please limit slides to 6 per topic and only include the most relevant / representative slides.
Positive staining - normal (not required for molecular markers)
Describe tissues that are typically positive for the biomarker. Journal references are mandatory.
- >
Positive staining - disease (not required for molecular markers)
Provide a list of the names of relevant diseases / tumors that are positive at least 50% of the time for the biomarker. Diseases / tumors that are predominantly negative for the biomarker should go in the negative staining section. Begin each bullet with the name(s) of the disease(s) / tumor(s). If not uniformly positive, provide percentage of cases. Journal references are mandatory.
- >
Negative staining (not required for molecular markers)
Describe diseases / tumors that are typically negative for the biomarker. Give percentages if not uniformly negative. Journal references are mandatory.
- >
Molecular / cytogenetics description
Description of DNA / RNA findings based on testing via sequencing, PCR, FISH, CISH, ISH, cytogenetics, etc.
- >
Molecular / cytogenetics images
Images of FISH, CISH, ISH, electropherograms, PCR gels, karyograms, etc. For images you submit, provide a brief 1 - 4 word caption to appear below the thumbnail of the image and a longer figure legend to appear when the image is opened.
For images to be posted on PathologyOutlines.com, please fill out the following for each image:
Name of image contributor: _________________
Image title (file name): _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Legend (detailed description): _________________
For images linked to an outside website, please fill out the following for each image:
PMID: _________________
Figure #: _________________
Caption (1 - 4 words): _________________
Sample pathology report
Provide an example of one typical diagnostic report for a diagnosis involving this stain. This is very useful for pathologists who have not used this stain before and need basic guidance in how it is commonly reported. Begin with a line that states the organ and procedure in the format "Organ, procedure:". On the following lines provide the diagnosis. Include all information that would be in a diagnosis except for the synoptic report. State "(see synoptic report)" at the end of the diagnosis line if a synoptic report would be included. If you would include a comment in your report, state "(see comment)" and on the next line include your comment with all content that you would write in your report. Refer to these examples: CD38, DUX4, YAP1. Please fill out the following:
- Organ, procedure :
- Diagnosis (see comment)
- Comment: _________________
Additional references
General references for this topic not included above.
- >
Board Review Question(s)
Prepare at least 1 board review style question that highlights important content from this topic. These are not actual questions from the Pathology boards but review questions written in a similar format. The questions should test basic, essential diagnostic concepts that all pathologists should know rather than minor details. The topic needs to contain all information relevant to correct and incorrect answers. The first question must contain an image of the entity followed by a multiple choice question, such as "Which of the following is true about XXX tumor/disease?" The image can be reused from the topic. Do not use the format "Which of the following is false?" Questions should have only one answer. Do not use responses "all of the above", "none of the above", "A and C", etc. This question will be part of our Board Review page so the reader will not know the topic with which it is associated. Therefore you must make the organ clear in the question and the diagnosis clear in the answer. The second question may have an image associated with it but an image is not required. Click here for examples.
Board Review Answer(s)
Answers to the Question(s) above, sorted alphabetically by the first letter in the answer. Include an explanation of why the correct answer is correct and the other options are incorrect. Please fill out the following:
[letter] . [correct answer] . [explanation] . Answer [letter] is incorrect because [explanation] . Answer [letter] is incorrect because [explanation] . Answer [letter] is incorrect because [explanation] .
