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CNS & pituitary tumors

Authors: Eman Abdelzaher, M.D., Ph.D., Zubair Ahmad, M.B.B.S., Saman Seyed Ahmadian, M.D., Janice Seulgy Ahn, M.D., Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D., Ethar Al-Husseinawi, M.B.Ch.B., Ph.D., Sanda Alexandrescu, M.D., Sarah A. Anderson, D.O., Sylvia L. Asa, M.D., Ph.D., Valeria Barresi, M.D., Ph.D., Paul J. Biggs, M.D., Chunyu Cai, M.D., Ph.D., Daniel D. Child, M.D., Ph.D., P.J. Cimino, M.D., Ph.D., Brenndan Crumley, M.D., M.P.H., Chris Dampier, M.D., Yanel De Los Santos, M.D., John DeWitt, M.D., Ph.D., Angela France, D.O., Jesse L. Kresak, M.D., Nelli S. Lakis, M.D., M.Sc., Maria Martinez-Lage, M.D., Aisha Memon, M.B.B.S., Ashirwad Merve, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., Mohammad Khurram Minhas, M.B.B.S., Meaghan Morris, M.D., Ph.D., Nat Pernick, M.D., Michael Punsoni, M.D., Bharat Ramlal, M.D., Federico Roncaroli, M.D., Katherine Schwetye, M.D., Ph.D., Nirupama Singh, M.D., Ph.D., Arnault Tauziede-Espariat, M.D., Ph.D., Mariana Voudouri, M.D., Shih-Hsiu "Jerry" Wang, M.D., Ph.D., Anthony T. Yachnis, M.D., Irfan Yasin, M.B.B.S., Rebecca Yoda, M.D., George Zanazzi, M.D., Ph.D.

Last staff update: 1 June 2023

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Editorial Board oversight: Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D. (last reviewed April 2023), P.J. Cimino, M.D., Ph.D. (last reviewed April 2023), Chunyu Cai, M.D. (last reviewed December 2022)
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Table of contents
General:anatomy & histology-pineal gland books CNS-gross (pending) CNS-histology (pending) CNS tumors NOS/NEC (pending) DNA methylation classification of CNS tumors (pending) grossing, features to report & staging WHO classification
Cysts:arachnoid cyst choroid plexus cyst colloid cyst dermoid cyst enterogenous cyst epidermoid cyst glioependymal / ependymal cyst meningeal cyst pineal cyst Rathke cleft cyst simple cyst synovial cyst syrinx
Gliomas, glioneuronal tumors, and neuronal tumors:glioma overview WHO grading of gliomas astrocytoma, IDH mutant glioblastoma, IDH wild type oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and 1p / 19q codeleted
Other astrocytic tumors:astroblastoma, MN1 altered chordoid glioma gliosarcoma pilocytic astrocytoma pilomyxoid astrocytoma subependymal giant cell astrocytoma pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
Pediatric type diffuse high grade gliomas:diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34 mutant infant-type hemispheric glioma (pending)
Pediatric type diffuse low grade gliomas:angiocentric glioma diffuse astrocytoma, MYB or MYBL1 altered (pending) diffuse low grade glioma, MAPK pathway altered polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) (pending)
Ependymal tumors:ependymoma myxopapillary ependymoma subependymoma RELA fusion positive ependymoma
Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors:dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor gangliocytoma & ganglioglioma dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma / ganglioglioma papillary glioneuronal tumor rosette forming glioneuronal tumor diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor central neurocytoma extraventricular neurocytoma cerebellar liponeurocytoma paraganglioma
Embryonal tumors
Medulloblastoma:desmoplastic / nodular medulloblastoma large cell / anaplastic medulloblastoma (pending) medulloblastoma medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (pending) non-WNT / non-SHH (pending) SHH activated WNT activated (pending)
Other embryonal tumors:atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor CNS embryonal tumor, NOS/NEC (pending) CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (pending) embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes
Choroid plexus tumors:choroid plexus tumors (papilloma, atypical papilloma, carcinoma)
Pineal tumors:desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1 mutant papillary tumor of pineal region pineoblastoma pineocytoma pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation
Meningeal tumors:meningioma WHO grading of meningiomas anaplastic meningioma atypical meningioma chordoid meningioma clear cell meningioma papillary meningioma rhabdoid meningioma
Germ cell tumors:choriocarcinoma embryonal carcinoma germinoma teratoma yolk sac tumor
Sellar region tumors:adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma granular cell tumor (pending) papillary craniopharyngioma pituicytoma pituitary hyperplasia pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) spindle cell oncocytoma
Lymphoma & histiocytic tumors:anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ / ALK-) (pending) histiocytic tumors immunodeficiency associated CNS lymphomas (pending) intravascular large B cell lymphoma lymphomatoid granulomatosis MALT lymphoma of the dura (pending) other low grade B cell lymphomas of the CNS (pending) primary CNS lymphoma T cell and NK / T cell lymphoma (pending)
Other tumors:CIC rearranged sarcoma hemangioblastoma intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET::CREB fusion positive (pending) melanocytic tumors / melanoma meningioangiomatosis metastases paraneoplastic syndromes primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1 mutant (pending) schwannoma solitary fibrous tumor
CNS tumor stains: ATRX BRAF V600E GFAP H3K27M IDH1 (R132H) NeuN NFP / neurofilament Olig2 SSTR2A synaptophysin

Superpages: entire chapterimagesvirtual slides
Index (Alphabetical table of contents)
A-E:adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ / ALK-) (pending) anaplastic meningioma anatomy & histology-pineal gland angiocentric glioma arachnoid cyst astroblastoma, MN1 altered astrocytoma, IDH mutant atypical meningioma atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor central neurocytoma cerebellar liponeurocytoma chordoid glioma chordoid meningioma choriocarcinoma choroid plexus cyst choroid plexus tumors (papilloma, atypical papilloma, carcinoma) CIC rearranged sarcoma clear cell meningioma CNS embryonal tumor, NOS/NEC (pending) CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (pending) CNS tumors NOS/NEC (pending) CNS-gross (pending) CNS-histology (pending) colloid cyst dermoid cyst desmoplastic / nodular medulloblastoma desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma / ganglioglioma desmoplastic myxoid tumor of the pineal region, SMARCB1 mutant diffuse astrocytoma, MYB or MYBL1 altered (pending) diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34 mutant diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor diffuse low grade glioma, MAPK pathway altered diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered DNA methylation classification of CNS tumors (pending) dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum embryonal carcinoma embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes enterogenous cyst ependymoma epidermoid cyst extraventricular neurocytoma
F-N:gangliocytoma & ganglioglioma germinoma glioblastoma, IDH wild type glioependymal / ependymal cyst glioma overview gliosarcoma granular cell tumor (pending) grossing, features to report & staging hemangioblastoma histiocytic tumors immunodeficiency associated CNS lymphomas (pending) infant-type hemispheric glioma (pending) intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET::CREB fusion positive (pending) intravascular large B cell lymphoma large cell / anaplastic medulloblastoma (pending) lymphomatoid granulomatosis MALT lymphoma of the dura (pending) medulloblastoma medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (pending) melanocytic tumors / melanoma meningeal cyst meningioangiomatosis meningioma metastases myxopapillary ependymoma non-WNT / non-SHH (pending)
O-Z:oligodendroglioma, IDH mutant and 1p / 19q codeleted other low grade B cell lymphomas of the CNS (pending) papillary craniopharyngioma papillary glioneuronal tumor papillary meningioma papillary tumor of pineal region paraganglioma paraneoplastic syndromes pilocytic astrocytoma pilomyxoid astrocytoma pineal cyst pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation pineoblastoma pineocytoma pituicytoma pituitary hyperplasia pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) (pending) primary CNS lymphoma primary intracranial sarcoma, DICER1 mutant (pending) Rathke cleft cyst RELA fusion positive ependymoma rhabdoid meningioma rosette forming glioneuronal tumor schwannoma SHH activated simple cyst solitary fibrous tumor spindle cell oncocytoma subependymal giant cell astrocytoma subependymoma synovial cyst syrinx T cell and NK / T cell lymphoma (pending) teratoma WHO classification WHO grading of gliomas WHO grading of meningiomas WNT activated (pending) yolk sac tumor
CNS & pituitary tumors books

Asa: 2020

Ellison: 2013

Gray: 2018

Gupta: 2016

Husain: 2021

IARC: 2022

Kleinschmidt-DeMasters: 2022

Love: 2015

Perry: 2017

Rodriguez: 2016



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