Methods (molecular, IHC, frozen)

Authors: Ana Caramelo, B.Sc., Emily M. Hartsough, B.S., Joseph D. Jakowski, M.D., Nancy M. Joseph, M.D., Nicholas R. Ladwig, M.D., Susan Meanor, R.T., R.D.M.S., Pawel Mroz, M.D., Ph.D., Nat Pernick, M.D., António Polónia, M.D., Ph.D., Rodney E. Shackelford, D.O., Ph.D., Sarah Umetsu, M.D., Ph.D., Jessica Wallace, P.A., A.S.C.P.

Minor changes: 28 August 2020

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Editorial Board oversight: Debra Zynger, M.D. (last reviewed August 2020)

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Table of contents

General:books

Immunohistochemistry:IHC procedure troubleshooting (pending)

Special stains:enzyme cytochemistry

Cytopathology techniques:FNA procedure FNA contraindications and complications smear making and techniques for recovering and dividing aspirate material ultrasound terminology

Frozen section:frozen section procedure

Molecular

Purification & sequencing:DNA purification RNA purification DNA sequencing

FISH: FISH overview

Microarray: microarray-introduction microarray-basic procedures microarray variations short tandem repeat genotyping

PCR: PCR general PCR-basic mechanism and protocol Taq polymerase PCR reaction stages PCR thermocycling machines PCR-current applications PCR methylation specific multiplex PCR nested PCR rtPCR real time PCR

Next generation sequencing:NGS-general NGS library prep

Superpages: entire chapter images virtual slides

Methods (molecular, IHC, frozen) books

Bartlett: 2015

Bluth: 2018

Furtado: 2018

Idowu: 2015

Mitchell: 2018

Patrinos: 2016

Wright: 2018

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