Stains & CD markers
CD5
Copyright: 2002-2023, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: CD5
CD5
Author: Nat Pernick, M.D.
Last author update: 1 August 2013
Last staff update: 21 September 2023
Copyright: 2002-2023, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: CD5
Table of Contents
Definition / general | Pathophysiology | Clinical features | Uses by pathologists | Microscopic (histologic) images | Positive staining - normal | Positive staining - disease | Negative stainingCite this page: Pernick N. CD5. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cdmarkerscd5.html. Accessed September 25th, 2023.
Definition / general
- Important in identification of T cells and most T cell lymphomas, some low grade B cell lymphomas, thymic carcinoma
Pathophysiology
- Belongs to ancient scavenger receptor superfamily; at 11q13; binds to CD72
- CD5+ B cells, which may arise from B-1 cells (subset of B cells) produce "generalist antibodies" using germline (nonmutation) configuration of gene segments - polyreactive low affinity "natural" antibodies (usually IgM) to exogenous antigens (tetanus toxoid, lipopolysaccharide) as well as autoreactive antibodies (Immunol Lett 1993;38:159)
- First line of defense against antigens; have a low activation threshold; are the only line of defense for those who cannot produce specific antibody
- May mediate hepatitis C infection of T cells (J Virol 2012;86:3723)
Clinical features
- CD5 production elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (represents 27 - 52% of circulating B cells vs. 20% normally)
- Key regulator of immune response (Curr Opin Immunol 2011;23:310) including antitumor response (Oncoimmunology 2013;2:e22841)
- Abnormalities may produce autoimmunity (Immunol Res 2002;26:255, Autoimmun Rev 2009;8:349)
- Serum % CD5+ B cells may predict relapse in ANCA+ vasculitis after rituximab treatment (Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013;8:382)
Uses by pathologists
- Marker for CLL, mantle cell lymphoma (only rarely is CD5-, Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008;132:1346, Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2010;3:430), T cells (normal and malignant), thymic carcinoma
Microscopic (histologic) images
Contributed by Julia Braza, M.D. and Cases #281 and #17
Breast CLL / SLL
Eyelid: mantle cell lymphoma
Thymic carcinoma,
nonkeratinizing
squamous cell
subtype
Images hosted on other servers:
Tumors / tissue typically CD5+:
Lymph node: mantle cell lymphoma (fig B)
Lymph node: SLL
Tumors / tissue occasionally / rarely CD5+:
Lymph node: follicular lymphoma: typically CD5 stains only adjacent T cells (left); rarely tumor is CD5+ (right)
Positive staining - normal
- Thymocytes, almost all T cells
- B cells in fetal spleen and cord blood; B cells in bone marrow (particularly stage 3 hematogones and mature B cells, Am J Clin Pathol 2009;132:733), B cells in peritoneal and pleural cavities, some B cells in mantle zone of spleen and lymph nodes (12% of B cells in peripheral blood, Am J Clin Pathol 2004;121:368)
Positive staining - disease
- B cell CLL / SLL, mantle cell lymphoma, most T cell malignancies, thymic carcinoma (almost all), CASTLE (thyroid tumor)
- Occasionally / rarely: atypical thymoma (some), Burkitt lymphoma (rare), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (10%, usually aggressive, Am J Clin Pathol 2009;131:339, Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013;6:985), follicular lymphoma-aggressive variant (rare, Am J Clin Pathol 2005;12:182, Am J Clin Pathol 2000;114:912), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (rare, J Korean Med Sci 2011;26:824), MALT lymphoma (Hum Pathol 2012;43:1436), NK/T cell lymphoma (variable), splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (19%)
- Breast ductal carcinoma NOS stains with CD5 clone 4C7 (Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001;125:781)
Negative staining
- Various T cell lymphomas: enteropathy associated, hepatosplenic alpha-beta and gamma-delta, large granular lymphocytic lymphoma
- Most B cell lymphomas other than mantle cell or CLL (although there rarely are CD5+ variant forms), Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphoma
