Kidney nontumor / medical renal
Tubulointerstitial disease
Genetic
Nephrocalcinosis
Author: Nikhil Sangle, M.D.
Last author update: 3 December 2012
Last staff update: 13 September 2021
Copyright: 2002-2024, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: Nephrocalcinosis [title]
Table of Contents
Definition / general | Causes | Treatment | Microscopic (histologic) description | Microscopic (histologic) imagesCite this page: Sangle N. Nephrocalcinosis. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/kidneynephrocalcinosis.html. Accessed April 25th, 2024.
Definition / general
- Technically, disease of increased renal calcium levels (eMedicine: Nephrocalcinosis [Accessed 02 January 2018]), but usually refers to chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy of tubular calcium phosphate deposition causing slowly progressive renal insufficiency
- Less common than nephrolithiasis
- Hypercalcemia can also cause glomerular calcium deposition and glomerulosclerosis (Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003;127:E80)
- Hyperphosphaturia and hypercalciuria types differ histologically (Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27:1122)
- Endoscopy may be required to distinguish nephrolithiasis (Urol Res 2010;38:421)
Causes
- Conditions associated with chronic hypercalcemia, including primary hyperparathyroidism, myeloma or other malignancy; also distal renal tubular acidosis, hypercalciuria due to chronic furosemide use in premature infants (Hum Pathol 2000;31:1363), milk alkali syndrome, oral sodium phosphate as bowel preparation (Hum Pathol 2004;35:675), sarcoidosis, vitamin D intoxication
Treatment
- Reduce urinary saturation of calcium by increasing fluid intake, crystallization inhibitors, disease-specific medication, (Kidney Int 2011;80:1278)
Microscopic (histologic) description
- Diffuse tubular injury with atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and abundant tubular deposition of calcium phosphate
- Over time, glomerulosclerosis and vascular disease
Microscopic (histologic) images
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