Primary tumor (pT)
- pTX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed
- pT0: No evidence of primary tumor
- pT1: Tumor ≤ 5 cm in greatest dimension
- pT2: Tumor > 5 cm and ≤ 10 cm
- pT3: Tumor > 10 cm and ≤ 15 cm
- pT4: Tumor > 15 cm in greatest dimension
Soft tissue
General
Staging-retroperitoneum
Authors: Faizan Malik, M.B.B.S., Michael R. Clay, M.D.
Editor-in-Chief: Debra L. Zynger, M.D.
Last author update: 1 November 2018
Last staff update: 19 January 2023 (update in progress)
Copyright: 2018-2023, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: Staging soft tissue sarcomas of retroperitoneum
Table of Contents
Introduction | Primary tumor (pT) | Regional lymph nodes (pN) | Distant metastasis (pM) | Histologic grade (G) | AJCC prognostic stage groupsCite this page: Malik F, Clay MR. Staging-retroperitoneum. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/softtissuestagingretroperitoneum.html. Accessed May 29th, 2023.
Pathologic TNM staging of sarcomas of the retroperitoneum, AJCC 8th edition
Introduction
- Along with other usual parameters, a comment should be made about piecemeal versus intact resection
- Although AJCC prognostic stage grouping is helpful for cancer registry and comparative outcome analyses, it is less useful for assessing prognosis of retroperitoneal sarcomas
- Biggest prognostic determinant is the histologic grade since most resectable retroperitoneal sarcomas are large in size (T2 or above) without any metastasis
Regional lymph nodes (pN)
- pN0: No lymph node involvement
- pN1: Lymph node involvement present
Notes:
- pNX is not used for soft tissue tumors and no pN should be reported if no lymph nodes are present
Distant metastasis (pM)
- pM1: Metastases present
Histologic grade (G)
- GX: Grade cannot be assessed
- G1: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 2 or 3
- G2: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 4 or 5
- G3: Total differentiation, mitotic count and necrosis score of 6, 7 or 8
AJCC prognostic stage groups
| AJCC stage | Stage grouping | Retroperitoneum sarcoma stage |
| IA | T1 | Cancer is ≤ 5 cm (2 in) (T1) |
| N0 | It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes (N0) | |
| M0 | It has not spread to distant sites (M0) | |
| G1 or GX | Cancer is grade 1 (G1) or the grade cannot be assessed (GX) | |
| IB | T2, T3, T4 | Cancer is > 5 cm but ≤ 10 cm (T2) OR > 10 cm but ≤ 15 cm (T3) OR > 15 cm (T4) |
| N0 | It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes (N0) | |
| M0 | It has not spread to distant sites (M0) | |
| G1 or GX | Cancer is grade 1 (G1) or the grade cannot be assessed (GX) | |
| II | T1 | Cancer is ≤ 5 cm (2 in) (T1) |
| N0 | It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes (N0) | |
| M0 | It has not spread to distant sites (M0) | |
| G2 or G3 | Cancer is grade 2 (G2) or grade 3 (G3) | |
| IIIA | T2 | Cancer is > 5 cm (2 in) but ≤ 10 cm (T2) |
| N0 | It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes (N0) | |
| M0 | It has not spread to distant sites (M0) | |
| G2 or G3 | Cancer is grade 2 (G2) or grade 3 (G3) | |
| IIIB | T3 or T4 | Cancer is > 10 cm but ≤ 15 cm (T3) OR > 15 cm (T4) |
| N0 | It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes (N0) | |
| M0 | It has not spread to distant sites (M0) | |
| G2 or G3 | Cancer is grade 2 (G2) or grade 3 (G3) | |
| OR | ||
| Any T | Cancer is any size (any T) AND | |
| N1 | It has spread to nearby lymph nodes (N1) | |
| M0 | It has not spread to distant sites (M0) | |
| Any G | It can be any grade | |
| IV | Any T | Cancer is any size (any T) AND |
| Any N | It has or has not spread to nearby lymph nodes (any N) | |
| M1 | It has spread to distant sites such as the lungs (M1) | |
| Any G | It can be any grade | |
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