D2-40 (Podoplanin)

Stains & molecular markers
D2-40 (Podoplanin)

Topic Completed: 1 June 2005

Minor changes: 29 October 2020

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PubMed Search: Podoplanin[title] or d2-40[title] Review[ptyp]

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Table of Contents

Cite this page: Pernick N. D2-40 (Podoplanin). PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/stainsD240.html. Accessed January 22nd, 2021.

Definition / general

38 kDa membrane mucoprotein originally detected on surface of rat podocytes
Antibody D2-40 reacts to an O-linked, 40 kDa sialoglycoprotein found on lymphatic endothelium, fetal testis and on the surface of testicular germ cell tumors (also other cells as indicated below)

Uses by pathologists

Identify lymphatic endothelium to determine presence of lymphatics in various conditions, as well as origin of vascular tumors (J Histochem Cytochem 2009;57:643)
Identify lymphatic endothelium to determine lymphatic invasion (Ann Diagn Pathol 2009;13:168)
Differentiate mesothelioma (positive, even in effusions, Diagn Cytopathol 2007;35:342) from adenocarcinoma (negative, Cancer 2007;109:933)
Note: prognostic significance of lymphatic invasion using D2-40 versus H&E only is unclear:
Not clearly significant - breast carcinoma (Mod Pathol 2009;22:216)
Appears significant - colon carcinoma (Int J Colorectal Dis 2009;24:1069), melanoma (AJ Cutan Pathol 2009;36:1157, Arch Dermatol 2008;144:462)

Microscopic (histologic) images

Contributed by Debra Zynger, M.D.

Seminoma with IHC

D2-40

Testis

Images hosted on other servers:

Lymphatics in normal lymph node (fig A) and normal breast

Various Images

Colon - ulcerative colitis

Colon - various polyps

Colon - invasive carcinoma

Invasive breast carcinoma - lymphatics are D2-40 positive

Epithelioid angiosarcoma

Melanoma lymphatics

Melanoma tumor emboli

Follicular dendritic cell tumors

In laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Angiosarcoma and lymphangioma

Kaposi sarcoma

Positive staining - normal

Lymphatic endothelium (Am J Pathol 1999;154:385)
Adrenal cortical cells (normal and neoplastic, J Clin Pathol 2008;61:293)
Breast myoepithelium (patchy, Hum Pathol 2008;39:175) in normal and neoplastic breast
Follicular dendritic cells (Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2009;17:102)
Mesothelium - normal and reactive (Mod Pathol 2005;18:105)
Skin - basal cells of hair follicle outer root sheath (J Cutan Pathol 2008;35:926)
Developing testis (Virchows Arch 2006;449:200) and developing brain (Mod Pathol 2006;19:974)

Positive staining - disease

Angiomyolipoma - lymphatics are prominent (Mod Pathol 2006;19:669, Hum Pathol 2009;40:374)
Angiosarcoma (most, Am J Pathol 1999;154:385)
Atypical vascular proliferations of breast postradiation (Cancer 2007;109:1584)
Chondroid and chordoid tumors: skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (100%), enchondroma (96%), low grade chondrosarcoma (95%), chordoid meningioma (80%) and chordoid glioma (75%), but not chordoma or extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (Mod Pathol 2006;19:746)
Crohn’s disease (due to increased lymphatics, Virchows Arch 2008;452:57)
Dysgerminoma (Int J Gynecol Pathol 2009;28:347)
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of liver (Mod Pathol 2008;21:125)
Follicular dendritic cell tumor (Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2008;1:276)
Hemangioblastoma (Acta Neuropathol 2005;109:497)
Kaposi’s sarcoma (Am J Pathol 1999;154:385), kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (J Cutan Pathol 2006;33:492)
Lung - pleomorphic carcinomas (some, Pathol Int 2008;58:771)
Lymphangioma (Histopathology 2005;46:396)
Lymphatic invasion in tumors - examples include melanoma (Hum Pathol 2008;39:901), renal cell carcinoma-clear cell type (Am J Surg Pathol 1989;13:177)
Mesothelioma (Mod Pathol 2006;19:34, Mod Pathol 2005;18:105), including sarcomatoid subtype (Am J Surg Pathol 2008;32:123)
Schwannoma, occasional neurofibromas or MPNST (Am J Clin Pathol 2008;129:886)
Seminoma (Am J Clin Pathol 2007;128:767), some embryonal carcinomas of testis (Mod Pathol 2007;20:320)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma / carcinoma of gynecologic tract (23%, Mod Pathol 2008;21:1147)
Sinonasal hemangiopericytoma (Virchows Arch 2006;448:459)
Skin adnexal carcinoma (Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:304)
Solitary fibrous tumor (some, Pathol Int 2007;57:618, but see Virchows Arch 2006;448:459)

Negative staining

Capillary endothelium
Retiform hemagioendothelioma (usually, Am J Dermatopathol 2008;30:31)

Electron microscopy images

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Dermal lymphatics

Additional references

Comparison of D2-40 and LYVE-1 antibodies (Lymphology 2008;41:103)