Stains & CD markers
SOX10
Copyright: 2014-2023, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: SOX10[title]
SOX10
Author: Nat Pernick, M.D.
Last author update: 1 February 2014
Last staff update: 15 March 2022
Copyright: 2014-2023, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: SOX10[title]
Table of Contents
Definition / general | Clinical features | Uses by pathologists | Microscopic (histologic) images | Negative stainingCite this page: Pernick N. SOX10. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/stainsSOX10.html. Accessed June 2nd, 2023.
Definition / general
- SRY-related HMG-box 10 (SOX10) protein
- Transcription factor known to be crucial in the specification of the neural crest and maintenance of Schwann cells and melanocytes
- Expressed in nuclei of melanocytes, breast myoepithelial cells
Clinical features
- Usually positive nuclear staining in breast basal-like / unclassified triple negative / metaplastic carcinoma (Hum Pathol 2013;44:959)
- Usually negative / rarely positive staining in breast luminal A/B or HER2+ carcinoma (5% positive), ER-/PR- DCIS (4% positive), phyllodes tumor, fibroadenoma
- Specific (93%), but not very sensitive (67%) for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor over synovial sarcoma (Mod Pathol 2014;27:55)
- Must interpret with caution in intraneural tumors
- In major salivary glands, expressed in nuclei of acini and both luminal and abluminal cells of intercalated ducts, but not in other sites (Mod Pathol 2013;26:1041)
- SOX10+ carcinomas include acinic cell, adenoid cystic (Br J Cancer 2013;109:444), epithelial-myoepithelial, myoepithelial; also pleomorphic adenomas, including the pleomorphic adenoma component of carcinoma
- Mutations cause Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (auditory-pigmentary abnormalities and Hirschsprung disease, Gene 2014;538:36)
- Mutations within SOX10 enhancers may contribute to isolated Hirschsprung disease (Hum Mutat 2014;35:303)
- Mutations cause Kallman syndrome (anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) with deafness (Am J Hum Genet 2013;92:707)
Uses by pathologists
- Melanoma marker (100%, Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2014;22:142)
- Nevi are positive (Nat Cell Biol 2012;14:882), desmoplastic melanoma may be only focally positive (Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2013;21:506)
- SOX10 shows an increased specificity for soft tissue tumors of neural crest origin compared with S100 (Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2012;20:445)
- MITF1 and SOX10 can be used to differentiate melanoma in situ from actinic keratosis with melanocytic hyperplasia (Am J Dermatopathol 2014;36:124)
Microscopic (histologic) images
Image hosted on other servers:
Melanoma
(fig b, f)
Negative staining
- Fibrohistiocytic and histiocytic proliferations (J Am Acad Dermatol 2012;67:717)
