Stains & CD markers
Cytokeratin 34 beta E12
Copyright: 2003-2023, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: 34betaE12[title]
Cytokeratin 34 beta E12
Author: Nat Pernick, M.D.
Last author update: 1 July 2013
Last staff update: 14 March 2023
Copyright: 2003-2023, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: 34betaE12[title]
Table of Contents
Definition / general | Uses by pathologists | Microscopic (histologic) images | Positive staining - normal | Positive staining - not malignant | Positive staining - malignant | Negative stainingCite this page: Hamilton K, Pernick N. Cytokeratin 34 beta E12. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/stainsck34be12.html. Accessed June 4th, 2023.
Definition / general
- High molecular weight keratin relatively specific for prostate basal cells
- Reacts to CK1, CK5, CK10 and CK14 and possibly other keratins
- Also called CK903, high molecular weight keratin
Uses by pathologists
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Prostate:
- Stains prostatic basal cells (even after destaining H&E slides, whose presence rules out usual type prostatic adenocarcinoma (Hum Pathol 2000;31:1155)
- Is useful in biopsies and even after hormonal therapy (Am J Clin Pathol 2004;121:99, Hum Pathol 2007;38:332)
- Note that patchy staining may rarely occur in carcinoma (Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:1151) and negative staining does not predict carcinoma in small foci of atypical glands (Hum Pathol 2004;35:43)
- Triple cocktail with p63 and AMACR is more sensitive / specific than 34 beta E12 alone (Am J Clin Pathol 2007;127:248)
- Distinguishes high grade PIN (intact or fragmented basal cell layer) from adenocarcinoma (Mod Pathol 2004;17:360)
- Distinguishes cribriform basal cell hyperplasia from cribriform PIN (Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:237)
- Typically does not stain prostatic adenocarcinoma cells, but does stain prostatic adenoid cystic / basal carcinoma (Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:1523) and tumors with squamous differentiation (Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:651)
- Distinguishes lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (cytoplasmic staining, often with distinct nuclear pattern, J Histochem Cytochem 2003;51:1527) or florid ductal hyperplasia without atypia (intense staining, Am J Surg Pathol 1999;23:1048), from DCIS / ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (usually negative, Hum Pathol 2002;33:620)
- Distinguishes dysplasia (basal staining only) from carcinoma in situ (stains all urothelial layers, Hum Pathol 2000;31:745)
- Staining pattern predicts recurrence in low grade papillary urothelial neoplasms (Cancer 2003;97:1876)
- Is a marker of urothelial origin when used with a panel (Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:1)
Breast intraductal lesions:
Urothelial lesions:
Microscopic (histologic) images
Contributed by Stephen J. Schultenover, M.D.
Thyroid anaplastic carcinoma
Images hosted on other servers:
Low grade bladder neoplasms
Positive staining - normal
- Prostate basal cells, skin (J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2003;22:441)
- Thyroid solid cell nests (Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:994)
Positive staining - not malignant
- Amyloid deposits associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and dysplasia in the head and neck (Pathol Int 2003;53:265)
- Breast ductal hyperplasia and lobular intraductal neoplasia (references above)
- Placental site nodules (Pathology 1999;31:328)
- Prostatic basal cell hyperplasia (Hum Pathol 2003;34:462)
- Thymoma (high grade, Rom J Morphol Embryol 1999-2004;45:153)
Positive staining - malignant
- Breast metaplastic carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma of gynecologic tract (Int J Gynecol Pathol 2001;20:252)
- Endocervical and endometrial carcinoma (Int J Gynecol Pathol 2002;21:11)
- Kidney collecting duct carcinoma (Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2001;23:162)
- Lung-non small cell carcinoma (44%, Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:1)
- Ovary (Int J Gynecol Pathol 2001;20:155)
- Squamous cell carcinoma (classic and basaloid, Hum Pathol 1998;29:609)
- Thyroid CASTLE tumor (Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:994)
- Thyroid papillary carcinoma (Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2000;8:42)
- Urothelial carcinoma (80%, Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:1) and carcinoma in situ (references above)
Negative staining
- Paget’s disease of vulva (Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 1999;34:156)
- Prostatic secretory and stromal cells
- Prostatic adenocarcinoma of usual type (references above)
- Renal clear cell carcinoma (Int J Gynecol Pathol 2001;20:155)
- Renal papillary carcinoma (Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2005;27:102)
