Stains
IL8
Copyright: 2003-2014, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: IL-8[title], CXCL8[title]
IL8
Author: Nat Pernick, M.D.
Topic Completed: 1 August 2014
Minor changes: 6 March 2019
Copyright: 2003-2014, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: IL-8[title], CXCL8[title]
Table of Contents
Definition / general | Pathophysiology | Clinical features | Uses by pathologists | Microscopic (histologic) images | Positive staining - normal | Positive staining - malignantCite this page: Pernick N. IL8. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/stainsil8.html. Accessed June 2nd, 2020.
Definition / general
- Proinflammatory and pro-angiogenic chemokine
- Produced by endothelial cells, epithelial cells, goblet cells (Clin Exp Allergy 2014;44:540), macrophages, mesothelial cells, smooth muscle cells in airways (Wikipedia) and various tumor cells (see below)
- Also known as CXCL8
Pathophysiology
- Activates multiple downstream pathways after binding to receptors CD181/CXCR1 and CD182/CXCR2
Clinical features
- Cancer (high serum levels may be poor prognostic factor):
- Promotes migration and metastasis of cancer cells by regulating MMP2 secretion (Am J Pathol 1997;151:1105)
- Breast cancer: high levels in primary tumor cell lysates are an unfavorable prognostic parameter in node-negative disease (J BUON 2013;18:866)
- Colorectal carcinoma: high plasma levels may have some value, in combination with other markers, in screening (Tumour Biol 2014;35:5993); levels may decrease after treatment (Med Sci Monit 2013;19:875)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma: overexpressed, serum levels may predict recurrence, in combination with other cytokines (Br J Cancer 2014;110:733)
- Ovarian cancer: induces tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis (J Biol Chem 2014;289:2687); higher serum levels may be poor prognostic factor (Eur Cytokine Netw 2013;24:106)
- Uterus: plasma levels correlate with visceral fat in endometrial cancer (Anticancer Res 2014 Jan;34:379)
- Autoimmune disorders:
- Lung: as a potent neutrophil attractant and activator, plays a significant role in acute lung injury via the formation of anti-IL8 autoantibody (Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014;138:266)
- Lung: may play important role in pathogenesis of SLE with pulmonary fibrosis (Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2014;62:231)
- Skin: increased levels in blister fluid in epidermolysis bullosa simplex (PLoS One 2013;8:e70123)
- Infections / other:
- Higher levels in bacterial meningitis (Pediatr Neurol 2014;50:60), Helicobacter pylori gastritis (Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2013;38:977), trauma patients (Int Orthop 2014;38:1303)
- Denge fever: contributes to endothelial cell permeability (Nat Prod Commun 2013 Nov;8:1547)
- Periodontitis: high levels in inflammatory gingival tissue (Exp Ther Med 2013;6:847)
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Treponema denticola, a major periodontal pathogen, affects host immunity by suppressing TNFα-induced IL8 expression (Immunol Cell Biol 2014;92:139)
Uses by pathologists
- No definite uses at this time
Microscopic (histologic) images
Cervical cancer
Positive staining - normal
- Endothelial cells, epithelial cells, goblet cells, macrophages, mesothelial cells, smooth muscle cells in airways
Positive staining - malignant
- Breast, cervical (Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7:575), colorectal, endometrial, hepatocellular, kidney (Urol Oncol 2014;32:607), ovarian carcinomas
