Stains & molecular markers
Metalloproteinases (MMP)
Copyright: 2002-2021, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: Metalloproteinases [title]
Metalloproteinases (MMP)
Author: Nat Pernick, M.D.
Topic Completed: 1 January 2013
Minor changes: 23 December 2020
Copyright: 2002-2021, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: Metalloproteinases [title]
Cite this page: Pernick N. Metalloproteinases (MMP). PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/stainsmmp.html. Accessed January 22nd, 2021.
Definition / general
- Family of neutral zinc metalloenzymes secreted as latent proenzymes, activated by proteolytic cleavage of NH2 terminal domain
- Degrade various extracellular matrix proteins and other molecules (Wikipedia)
- Includes collagenase (degrades collagen types I, II and III), gelatinase (degrades type IV collagen) and stromeolysins
- Imbalance between metalloproteinases and their inhibitors (TIMPs) are associated with tumor degradation of the extracellular matrix
- Also regulate inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, various renal diseases (Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012;302:F1351)
- Mediate endometrial matrix remodeling prior to menstruation (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:E888)
Microscopic (histologic) images
Images hosted on other servers:
MMP2 (A), MMP3 (B) and MMP9 (C), colon
MMP2 (left) and MMP9 (right) in situ hybridization in colorectal tumor sections
See also
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MMP1
- General:
- Matrix metalloproteinase 1
- Also called collagenase1, interstitial collagenase
- Cleaves alpha chains of types I, II and III collagen, apparently facilitating tumor invasion through collagenous stroma
- Expression increased in endothelial cells
- Positive staining - disease
- Colonic carcinoma (stroma and epithelium, Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:206)
MMP2
- Also called type IV gelatinase A
- MMP2 and its inhibitor TIMP2 are secreted independently and complex extracellularly
- Activated by type IV urokinase plasminogen activator when MMP2 or MMP9 are bound to cell surface; degraded by same when MMPs are in soluble form
- Impaired balance in local levels of MMPs and TIMPs causes extracellular matrix degradation during tumor invasion
- MMP2 and MMP9 are upregulated at invasive front of endometrioid endometrial and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas, may degrade basement membrane (Hum Pathol 2011;42:57)
- Bladder carcinoma (71%)
MMP3
- Also called stromeolysin-1
MMP9
- Also called type IV gelatinase B
- Bladder carcinoma: 71% of tumor cells are immunoreactive
MMP13
- Principal proteinase expressed by stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone, has role in bone resorption (Hum Pathol 2010;41:1320)
