Stains & molecular markers
Selectins
Copyright: 2003-2021, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: E Selectin[title], L selectin[title], P selectin[title]
Selectins
Author: Nat Pernick, M.D.
Topic Completed: 1 June 2015
Minor changes: 8 March 2021
Copyright: 2003-2021, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
PubMed Search: E Selectin[title], L selectin[title], P selectin[title]
Cite this page: Pernick N. Selectins. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/stainsselectine.html. Accessed June 23rd, 2021.
E selectin
- Also called CD62E, endothelial (leukocyte) adhesion molecule-1, ELAM1, SELE
- Ligand for sialyl-Lewis X (CD15s); also CD43, CD44, CD162/PSGL-1 and tumor cells (Blood 2006;107:1421, J Exp Med 2005;201:1183, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005;289:C415, Cancer Res 2005;65:5750)
- Inhibited by hCG (Anticancer Res 2005;25:1811)
- Mediates leukocyte rolling (causes slow rolling, which may assist with adhesion) and adhesion to activated endothelium at inflammatory sites
- Also associated with atherosclerosis, tumor cell adhesion during hematogenous metastasis (Cancer Res 2006;66:9117)
- Patients with Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency 2 syndrome, who lack sialyl Lewis X component of selectin counter-receptors, suffer recurrent pyogenic infections (OMIM 266265)
- Homozygosity for Ser128Arg polymorphism associated with:
- Recurrent venous thromboembolism (Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1655)
- Myocardial infarction (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:783)
- Due to increased rolling and adhesion of neutrophils and mononuclear cells or alteration of lymphocytes binding to E selectin (J Immunol 2002;169:5860)
- Other mutations also associated with vascular disease (Brain Res 2006;1108:221)
- High serum levels associated with insulin resistance in:
- Type 2 diabetes (Metabolism 2005;54:376)
- Vascular disease in type 1 diabetes (J Diabetes Complications 2006;20:188)
- Relapse in AML (Hematology 2002;7:83)
- No significant clinical use by pathologists
- Positive staining: endothelium after cytokine stimulation; endothelium in chronic inflammatory disorders of skin and synovium, hemangiomas (Am J Pathol 1996;148:1181)
- References: OMIM 131210
L selectin
- Also called CD62L, LECAM-1, SELL
- Mediates lymphocyte homing to high endothelial venules of peripheral lymphoid tissue, migration of lymphocytes to inflamed tissue via leukocyte rolling on activated endothelium
- Binds to CD34 (Adv Exp Med Biol 1998;435:55)
- High serum levels associated with:
- Diabetic retinopathy (Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2003;11:123)
- Relapse in AML (Hematology 2002;7:83)
- Reduced levels on T cells in neonatal pertussis (Am J Clin Pathol 2000;114:35)
- Loss of expression is associated with progression of low grade MALT (Mod Pathol 2001;14:798)
- Functionally active endothelial L-selectin ligands cause lymphocyte infiltration into transplanted hearts at the onset and during acute rejection episodes (Am J Pathol 1999;155:1303)
- Cryptococcus induces WBC surface L-selectin shedding to reduce WBC infiltration into infected tissues (J Infect Dis 2005;191:1361)
- Trypanosoma cruzi produces a mucin that, through CD62L binding, inhibits T cell proliferation (Int Immunol 2004;16:1365)
- Uses by pathologists: may distinguish lymphomatoid hypersensitivity reactions from true endogenous T-cell dyscrasia (J Cutan Pathol 2005;32:12)
- Positive staining - normal: B, T, NK cells (some), monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, trophoblast, epidermal Langerhans cells (Science 2003;299:405)
- References: OMIM 153240, Am J Pathol 1999;155:1013, J Cell Mol Med 2005;9:255
P selectin
- Also called CD62P, PADGEM, SELP
- Interaction with CD162 mediates tethering and rolling of leukocytes on the surface of activated endothelial cells
- Mediates delivery of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules (with CD62L)
- A platelet alpha-granule membrane protein that redistributes to the plasma membrane during platelet activation and degranulation
- Has procoagulant activity (Trends Mol Med 2004;10:179)
- Constitutive expression in inflammation may contribute to tissue destruction, atherogenesis and thrombosis
- Reduced expression in:
- Gray platelet syndrome (OMIM #139090)
- Advanced melanoma (Am J Pathol 1998;152:679)
- Increased expression in Takayasu's arteritis (Circ J 2006;70:600)
- Increased serum levels associated with atherosclerosis (Eur Heart J 2003;24:2166)
- Val640Leu polymorphism is associated with thromboembolic stroke (Hum Mol Genet 2004;13:389)
- Endothelial P selectin has important role in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (Am J Pathol 2004;164:781)
- Promotes metastases by tumor cell binding (Glycobiology 2007;17:185)
- Uses by pathologists: distinguishing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia without and with thrombosis (Thromb Haemost 1999;82:1255)
- Positive staining - normal: platelets, megakaryocytes, activated endothelial cells (membranes of Weibel-Palade bodies)
- Negative staining - normal: sinusoidal endothelium (Am J Pathol 1993;142:481)
- Reference: OMIM 173610
Microscopic (histologic) images
Images hosted on other servers:
E selectin: normal brain, renal carcinoma
L selectin: rat thymus
P selectin: megakaryocytes in bone marrow
