Contributed by Toral Patel, M.D.
Left parietal white matter
Contributed by Dennis K. Burns, M.D.
Brain, coronal section
Contributed by Dennis K. Burns, M.D.
Paraffin section
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Marked diffuse cerebellar atrophy
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D.
Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D.
Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
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Sampling for Braak staging
Stages of Braak NFT spread
CERAD neuritic plaque assessment
Neuropathologic change
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Cortical atrophy on MRI
Pittsburgh compound B PET imaging
Contributed by Bartholomew White, M.D.
Cortical atrophy
Ventricular dilation
Substantia nigra and locus ceruleus
Contributed by Bartholomew White, M.D.
Granulovacuolar degeneration
Hirano bodies
Diffuse plaque
Neuritic plaque
Neurofibrillary tangle
Diffuse plaque
Neuritic plaque
Moderate neuritic plaques
Beta amyloid aggregates
Neurofibrillary tangle
Contributed by Hannes Vogel, M.D.
Spinal cord atrophy
Contributed by Eileen Bigio M.D. and Qinwen Mao, M.D. Ph.D.
Spinal nerve roots
ALS versus normal spine
Corticospinal tract
Motor cortex
Bunina bodies
Lewy-like body
Contributed by Hannes Vogel, M.D., Matthew McCord, M.D., Christina Appin, M.D. and Missia Kohler, M.D.
Inclusions immunoreactive for TDP-43
ALS / FTD overlap
C9orf72 p62 positive inclusions
Contributed by Erdener Özer, M.D., Ph.D.
Types of Chiari malformations
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Sagittal FLAIR MRI scan
Contributed by Erdener Özer, M.D., Ph.D.
Chiari type II malformation
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CT / MRI scan of brain for neuroaspergillosis
Contributed by Khurram Minhas, M.B.B.S.
Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation
GMS stain
PASD stain
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Ventricular dilatation
Curvilinear high signal intensities
Contributed by Mark Cohen, M.D.
Coronal section
Inflammatory necrosis
Microencephaly with hydrocephalus
Contributed by Mark Cohen, M.D.
Low and high power, H&E
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16 hours after injury
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D.
Carbon monoxide injury
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Intracerebral hemorrhage and hemosiderosis
Arterial wall enhancement
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Temporoparietal lobar hemorrhage
Contributed by Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D. and Nicolas Kostelecky, M.D.
Small and medium sized blood vessels
Hemorrhagic cerebral amyloid
Cortical arterioles
Beta amyloid IHC
Congophilic leptomeningeal vessels
Bright green fluorescence of cortical arterioles
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Variant DWS
with dysplasia
of pons and
cerebellum
Contributed by Jean-François Hirsch, M.D.
Dandy-Walker malformation
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Alpha synuclein and tau aggregation model
Alpha synuclein staging system
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Decreased dopamine transporter uptake
Low uptake in myocardial scintigraphy
Contributed by Javier Redding-Ochoa, M.D.
Brainstem pathology
Cerebrum
Contributed by Javier Redding-Ochoa, M.D.
Lewy bodies in amygdala
Poorly demarcated cortical Lewy body
Classical Lewy body
Synuclein pathology in amygdala
Neocortical alpha synuclein pathology
Substantia nigra neuron loss
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Micropolygyria marked by a focal small gyri
Transmantle sign, right superior frontal sulcus
Increased signal intensity
Cortical tubers of tuberous sclerosis
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Lissencephaly marked by absence of gyral formation
Area of gyral expansion
Resection showing disorganized architecture
Contributed by Richard Prayson, M.D.
IA pattern
IB pattern
IIA pattern
IIB pattern
Hyaline protoplasmic astrocytopathy
Nodular heterotopia
Cortical tuber
NeuN
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Cranial MRI
Symmetric patchy periventricular
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Stained sections of the white matter
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D. and Palgun Nisarga, M.D.
Alzheimer type II astrocyte
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Axial FLAIR sequences
Increased T2 signal
Axial gadolinium enhanced T1 sequences
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Cerebral cortical gray matter
Perivascular inflammation: lymphocytes and macrophagess
Gradual loss of myelination
Marked loss of axons
Intense macrophage infiltration
Contributed by Serguei Bannykh, M.D.
Temporal lobe involvement with restricted diffusion
Brain involvement in HSV encephalitis
Brain edema in HSV encephalitis
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Brain MRI in acute HSV1 encephalitis
Asymmetric medial temporal hyperintensities
FLAIR hyperintensities
Bilateral FLAIR
Abnormal enhancement
Hemorrhages in both temporal lobes
Bilateral symmetric cortical swelling
High signal intensity lesions
Contributed by Serguei Bannykh, M.D.
Acute HSV encephalitis with hemorrhagic transformation
Medial temporal lobe involvement
Subacute neonatal HSV encephalitis
Chronic HSV encephalitis
Contributed by Mahzad Azimpouran, M.D. and Serguei Bannykh, M.D.
Red neurons, microglial nodule
Occasional neuronal intranuclear inclusions
Predominantly lymphocytic inflammation
Calcific changes in neurons
Intranuclear inclusions
IHC staining for HSV1
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Herpes nucleocapsids within nucleus of a neuron
HSV encephalitis
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Pathogenic effects of mHTT
Clinical disease progression
Vonsattel grading; gross pathology
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Caudate volume HDL2 and HD versus normal
Contributed by Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D.
Vonsattel grade 3 atrophy
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Vonsattel grading
Contributed by Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D.
Caudate, neuronal loss
Caudate, reactive gliosis
Ubiquitin positive inclusions
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Stroke pathophysiology spatiotemporal relationships
Cell pathophysiology summary
CNS vascular territories
Contributed by Javier Redding-Ochoa, M.D. and Thomas Zaikos, M.D., Ph.D.
Recent infarcts (T1 postcontrast MRI)
Recent infarcts (diffusion weighted MRI)
Recent infarcts (T2 FLAIR MRI)
Remote infarct (MRI FLAIR)
Contributed by Javier Redding-Ochoa, M.D., Koping Chang, M.D. and Olga Pletnikova, M.D.
Subacute infarct
Bilateral occipital infarcts
Chronic infarct
Lacunar infarct
Chronic ACA infarct
Watershed infarcts
Contributed by Javier Redding-Ochoa, M.D.
Geographic necrosis
Acute infarct
Red neurons
Acute infarct with focal hemorrhage
Subacute infarct
Endothelial reaction (subacute infarct)
Lacunar infarct
Macrophage infiltration
Neuronal ferrugination
Axonal balloons
Brain old infarcts versus cerebral abscess
Brain infarcts tutorial
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Marked loss of posterior white matter
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Krabbe disease
Vanishing white matter disease
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Peroxisomal
X linked adreno-leukodystrophy: gliosis and inflammation
Lysosomal:
Krabbe disease: globoid cells
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: loss of myelin
Metachromatic
leukodystrophy:
brown metachromasia
in peripheral nerve
Other:
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease: loss
of myelin
Pelizaeus-
Merzbacher
disease: cerebellar
degeneration
Alexander disease, Rosenthal
fibers
Canavan disease
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Peroxisomal:
X linked adreno-leukodystrophy: trilamellar lipid products
Lysosomal:
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: storage of sulfatides
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Cystic renal dysplasia
Pulmonary hypoplasia
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Cystic renal dysplasia
Contributed by Mark Cohen, M.D.
Streptococcus - dilated cerebral veins associated with the thick purulent exudate within the leptomeninges
Tuberculous meningitis
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Hypodensity in bilateral putamen
Bilateral symmetrical hypodensities
Involves bilateral frontal lobes
Lesions show restriction of diffusion
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D.
Methanol
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Toxic leukoencephal-opathy
Neurotoxicity
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D.
Methotrexate toxicity
Contributed by Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D. and Pouya Jamshidi, M.D.
Dawson fingers
Inactive MS lesion
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Plaques in spinal cord
Tumefactive MS
Contributed by Rachel A. Multz, M.D. and Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D.
Subcortical and periventricular plaques
Subcortical plaques
Periventricular plaques
Contributed by Rachel A. Multz, M.D. and Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D.
Chronic demyelination plaque
Partial remyelination
Active MS lesion
Active MS lesion
Contributed by Jared T. Ahrendsen, M.D., Ph.D.
Smear preparation of demyelination lesion
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Bilateral putaminal atrophy
Hot cross bun sign
Hot cross bun sign and cerebellopontine atrophy
MRI findings
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Clinical signs of MSA-C
Contributed by Emile Pinarbasi, M.D., Ph.D.
Cerebellar atrophy
Discoloration of the putamen
Depigmentation of substantia nigra
Pontine atrophy
Contributed by Emile Pinarbasi, M.D., Ph.D.
Cerebellar atrophy with prominent white matter loss
Lipofuscin accumulation in putamen
Alpha-synuclein positive GCIs
Flame and sickle shaped GCIs
Alpha-synuclein GCIs and neuropil threads
Gliosis in pontine crossing fibers
GCIs in pontine crossing fibers
Filamentous intraneuronal inclusions
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Glial cytoplasmic inclusions
Contributed by Mark R. Wick, M.D.
Sacral
Contributed by Mark R. Wick, M.D.
Skin
Skin, EMA
Various images
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Small lesion
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Myelin stain
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Infective mechanism of N. fowleri
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CT scan
MRI
Contributed by Mohammad Khurram Minhas, M.B.B.S.
Prominent nucleoli
Acute necrotizing inflammation
Necrotizing vasculitis
Obvious cytoplasmic vacuolations
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Trophozoites on CSF cytological examination
Lab detection of N. fowleri
Contributed by Mark Cohen, M.D.
White matter hyperintensity
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Fluid attenuated inversion recovery image
FLAIR sequence
Contributed by Mark Cohen, M.D.
Degenerative change within the subcortical white matter
Contributed by Mark Cohen, M.D.
Extention into the overlying cerebral cortex
Perivascular inflammation
Cowdry B-like viral inclusions
Viral DNA
SV40
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Luxol fast blue staining
H&E, CD68, nuclear p53
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Frontal brain biopsy
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D.
Rabies
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Focal radiation necrosis
Differential diagnoses
Hemorrhagic radiation injury
Diffuse white matter injury
Diffuse white matter change (severe)
Concurrent focal and diffuse white matter injury
Diffuse necrotizing leukoencephalopathy
Radiation necrosis of pons
Abnormal enhancement in left occipital lobe
Irregular enhancement around surgical cavity
Pseudoprogression
Contributed by Palgun Nisarga, M.D.
Negative for tumor
Negative for tumor
Recurrent / residual tumor
Contributed by Palgun Nisarga, M.D.
Squash preparation (frozen)
Squash preparation (frozen)
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Cervical spinal cord MRI
Brain MRI
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D.
Subacute combined degeneration
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Bone marrow aspiration
Contributed by Benjamin Greenberg, M.D., James Luby, M.D. and Dennis K. Burns, M.D.
CT, TB meningitis
MRI, tuberculoma
MRI, tuberculous abscess
Contributed by Dennis K. Burns, M.D.
Tuberculous meningitis, ventral surface of brain
Tuberculous meningitis, coronal section
Tuberculoma, cerebral hemispheres
Contributed by Dennis K. Burns, M.D.
Paraffin section, tuberculous meningitis
Paraffin section, tuberculoma
Paraffin section, tuberculous abscess
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D.
Mammillary bodies - acute Wernicke encephalopathy
Mammillary bodies - chronic Wernicke encephalopathy
Thalamus - acute Wernicke encephalopathy
Contributed by Kymberly A. Gyure, M.D.
Acute Wernicke encephalopathy
Cerebellar vermis - chronic Wernicke encephalopathy
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Impacts of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
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Tongue atrophy
Asymmetric facial muscle atrophy
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Muscle biopsy
Pathology of Kennedy disease
Hand tremor, tongue fasciculation
Barbato: 2016
Bault : 2015
Braak: 2015
Gray: 2018
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters: 2022
Kovacs: 2015
Love: 2015
Perry: 2017
Rub: 2015
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