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Cervix

Authors: Apeksha N. Agarwal, M.B.B.S., M.D., Maryam Aghighi, M.D., Hiba Al Dallal, M.B.Ch.B., Khaled J. Alkhateeb, M.B.B.S., Léonie Alran, B.S., Jaya Ruth Asirvatham, M.D., Ryan W. Askeland, M.D., Erika M. Baardsen, D.O., Julieta E. Barroeta, M.D., Sarah M. Bean, M.D., Natalia Buza, M.D., David B. Chapel, M.D., Yevgen Chornenkyy, M.D., M.Sc., Bonnie Choy, M.D., Sabrina Croce, M.D., Ph.D., Teresa M. Darragh, M.D., Kyle Devins, M.D., Nikolina Dioufa, M.D., Sarah Farran, M.D., M.P.H., Cinzia Giacometti, M.D., Farnaz Hasteh, M.D., Lynn Hoang, M.D., Anjelica Hodgson, M.D., Yang Hu, M.D., Ph.D., Ali Ismail, M.B.B.S., Lucy Jager, M.D., Soumya Jaladi, M.B.B.S., Rachel Jug, M.B.B.Ch., B.A.O., Katerina Kearns, M.D., Andreas Kontosis, M.D., Adam Lechner, B.M., Zaibo Li, M.D., Ph.D., Wanrun Lin, M.D., Ph.D., Leonel Maldonado, M.D., Brandon Douglas Metcalf, M.D., Nada Mohamed, M.D., Carlos Parra-Herran, M.D., Nat Pernick, M.D., Branko Perunovic, D.M., John K.S.S. Philip, M.D., Jennifer Pors, M.D., Peace A. Preston, B.A., Shuyue Ren, M.D., Ph.D., Joseph Reznicek, M.D., Marilin Rosa, M.D., Agnieszka Rychlik, M.D., Ziyan T. Salih, M.D., Lauren Schwartz, M.D., Stephanie L. Skala, M.D., Sucheta Srivastava, M.D., Ashwyna Sunassee, M.D., Gulisa Turashvili, M.D., Ph.D., Philip T. Valente, M.D., Jaclyn Watkins, M.D., M.S., Katharina Wiedemeyer, M.D., Mikami Yoshiki, M.D., Ph.D. , Xiaoming Zhang, M.D., Wenxin Zheng, M.D.

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Related chapters: Uterus, Vulva, vagina & female urethra

Editorial Board oversight: David B. Chapel, M.D. (last reviewed March 2025)
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Table of contents
General:anatomy books embryology features to report (pending) grossing histology staging WHO classification
Cytology:bethesda system preparations normal and nonneoplastic findings
Metaplasia:squamous metaplasia tuboendometrioid metaplasia
Inflammatory / infectious:actinomycosis bacterial vaginosis Candida / fungi Chlamydia trachomatis chronic cervicitis CMV granuloma inguinale HPV overview lactobacillus leptothrix pseudolymphoma Trichomonas vaginalis vasculitis
Benign / nonneoplastic epithelial lesions:Arias Stella reaction atrophy cervical diverticulum (pending) decidual reaction diffuse laminar endocervical hyperplasia endocervical polyp endometriosis glial polyp lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia mesonephric rests and mesonephric hyperplasia microglandular hyperplasia Müllerian papilloma Nabothian cysts placental site nodule radiation atypia squamous papilloma traumatic neuroma tunnel clusters
Premalignant / preinvasive lesions - H&E:adenocarcinoma in situ condyloma HSIL / CIN II / CIN III LSIL / CIN I SMILE (stratified mucin producing intraepithelial lesions)
Premalignant / preinvasive lesions - cytology:atypical glandular cells (cytology) ASC-H (cytology) ASCUS (cytology) HSIL (cytology) LSIL (cytology)
Squamous cell carcinoma:HPV associated cervical squamous cell carcinoma HPV independent cervical squamous cell carcinoma (pending)
Adenocarcinoma:clear cell carcinoma endometrial adenocarcinoma (cytology) gastric type adenocarcinoma HPV associated adenocarcinoma (usual type and variants) invasive stratified mucin producing carcinoma mesonephric adenocarcinoma primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma (HPV independent)
Other epithelial tumors:adenoid basal carcinoma adenoid cystic carcinoma adenosquamous carcinoma large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid and atypical carcinoid) small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Mesenchymal / mixed epithelial & mesenchymal tumors:adenomyoma adenosarcoma alveolar soft part sarcoma atypical polypoid adenomyoma carcinosarcoma cellular angiofibroma leiomyoma leiomyosarcoma NTRK fusion sarcoma (pending) postoperative spindle cell nodule rhabdomyosarcoma
Other tumors:blue nevus epithelioid trophoblastic tumor lymphoma melanoma melanosis metastases
Cervix stains: CEA CK7 ER GATA3 HIK1083 HPV Ki67 MUC6 p16 p40 p53 p63 PAX8 PR vimentin

Superpages: entire chapterimagesvirtual slides
Index (Alphabetical table of contents)
A-E:actinomycosis adenocarcinoma in situ adenoid basal carcinoma adenoid cystic carcinoma adenomyoma adenosarcoma adenosquamous carcinoma alveolar soft part sarcoma anatomy Arias Stella reaction ASC-H (cytology) ASCUS (cytology) atrophy atypical glandular cells (cytology) atypical polypoid adenomyoma bacterial vaginosis bethesda system blue nevus Candida / fungi carcinosarcoma cellular angiofibroma cervical diverticulum (pending) Chlamydia trachomatis chronic cervicitis clear cell carcinoma CMV condyloma decidual reaction diffuse laminar endocervical hyperplasia embryology endocervical polyp endometrial adenocarcinoma (cytology) endometriosis epithelioid trophoblastic tumor
F-N:features to report (pending) gastric type adenocarcinoma glial polyp granuloma inguinale grossing histology HPV associated adenocarcinoma (usual type and variants) HPV associated cervical squamous cell carcinoma HPV independent cervical squamous cell carcinoma (pending) HPV overview HSIL (cytology) HSIL / CIN II / CIN III invasive stratified mucin producing carcinoma lactobacillus large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma leiomyoma leiomyosarcoma leptothrix lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia LSIL (cytology) LSIL / CIN I lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma lymphoma Müllerian papilloma melanoma melanosis mesonephric adenocarcinoma mesonephric rests and mesonephric hyperplasia metastases microglandular hyperplasia Nabothian cysts neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid and atypical carcinoid) normal and nonneoplastic findings NTRK fusion sarcoma (pending)
O-Z:placental site nodule postoperative spindle cell nodule preparations primary endometrioid adenocarcinoma (HPV independent) pseudolymphoma radiation atypia rhabdomyosarcoma small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma SMILE (stratified mucin producing intraepithelial lesions) squamous metaplasia squamous papilloma staging traumatic neuroma Trichomonas vaginalis tuboendometrioid metaplasia tunnel clusters vasculitis WHO classification
Cervix books

Ali: 2019

Clement: 2019

Crum: 2017

Howitt: 2019

Hui: 2015

IARC: 2020

Malpica: 2015

Mody: 2022

Nayar: 2015

Nucci: 2020

Nucci: 2023

Nucci: 2023

Soslow: 2020

Vang: 2023

Zheng: 2019

Zheng: 2019



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