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Thyroid & parathyroid

Authors: Shipra Agarwal, M.D., F. Zahra Aly, M.D., Ph.D., Sylvia L. Asa, M.D., Ph.D., Shafigheh Asgari-Karchekani, M.D., Zubair W. Baloch, M.D., Ph.D., Andrey Bychkov, M.D., Ph.D., Anthony Chi, M.D., Ph.D., Sara Conway, M.D., Nadine Demko, M.D., C.M., M.Sc., Livia Florianova, M.D., M.Sc., Moein Ghasemi, M.D., Julie Guilmette, M.D., Hanni Gulwani, M.B.B.S., Rita Hayes, M.D., Momin Iqbal, M.D., M.B.B.S., Shahid Islam, M.D., Ph.D., Xiaoyin "Sara" Jiang, M.D., Rachel Jug, M.B.B.Ch., B.A.O., Mehmet Kefeli, M.D., Jonathan K. Lai, M.D., Virginia A. LiVolsi, M.D. (Deceased), Jijgee Munkhdelger, M.D., Ph.D., Diana Murro Lin, M.D., Truong Phan Xuan Nguyen, M.D., Nat Pernick, M.D., David Poller, M.D., Marc Pusztaszeri, M.D., Esther Diana Rossi, M.D., Ph.D., Monika Roychowdhury, M.D., Swati Satturwar, M.D., Ayana Suzuki, Ph.D., Mohammad Tavangar, M.D., Huy Gia Vuong, M.D., Ph.D., Shuanzeng (Sam) Wei, M.D., Ph.D., Bin Xu, M.D., Ph.D., Sheren Younes, M.D., Ph.D., Xiaofeng Zhao, M.D., Ph.D., Jianhong Zhou, M.D.

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Table of contents
Thyroid - general:anatomy books embryology features to report frozen section grossing histology AJCC / TNM Staging references WHO classification
Cytology
Fine needle aspiration:FNA-general molecular testing in FNA ultrasound
Bethesda system:Bethesda system diagnostic categories adequacy nondiagnostic benign AUS follicular neoplasm follicular neoplasm (oncocytic follicular neoplasm) suspicious for malignancy malignant
Congenital / metabolic anomalies:aplasia / hypoplasia branchial pouch / cleft anomalies DiGeorge syndrome ectopic thyroid tissue lateral aberrant thyroid thyroid inclusions lymphoepithelial cyst lysosomal storage diseases parasitic nodule parathyroid tissue solid cell nests / ultimobranchial body remnants thymic tissue thyroglossal duct cyst thyroglossal duct carcinoma
Thyroid endocrine abnormalities:amiodarone induced hyperthyroidism congenital hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism
Thyroiditis:acute / infectious thyroiditis autoimmune thyroiditis focal lymphocytic thyroiditis Hashimoto thyroiditis Hashimoto-fibrous palpation thyroiditis radiation thyroiditis Riedel thyroiditis silent thyroiditis subacute thyroiditis
Hyperplasia / goiter:amyloid goiter C cell hyperplasia dyshormonogenetic goiter endemic goiter Graves disease solitary papillary hyperplastic nodule thyroid follicular nodular disease (multinodular goiter) toxic goiter
Other thyroid nonneoplastic:black / pigmented thyroid calcification clear cell change crystals malakoplakia plasma cell granuloma postoperative spindle cell nodule sarcoidosis
Benign thyroid neoplasms:follicular adenoma follicular adenoma with papillary architecture (pending) solitary thyroid nodule
Low risk thyroid tumors:FT-UMP hyalinizing trabecular tumor NIFTP WDT-UMP
Thyroid cancer:children molecular pathology basics molecular pathology-practical thyroid cancer-general
Papillary thyroid carcinoma:papillary thyroid carcinoma overview papillary thyroid carcinoma - classic
Other subtypes:clear cell columnar cell diffuse follicular diffuse sclerosing encapsulated encapsulated follicular fibromatosis / fasciitis-like follicular variant hobnail invasive EFVPTC macrofollicular microcarcinoma oncocytic solid / trabecular tall cell Warthin-like
Other common thyroid carcinomas:anaplastic thyroid carcinoma differentiated high grade thyroid carcinoma / high grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma (HGDTC) follicular thyroid carcinoma medullary thyroid carcinoma oncocytic (Hürthle cell) tumors poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Other uncommon thyroid carcinomas:cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma mixed medullary-follicular tumors mucoepidermoid carcinoma sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia secretory carcinoma SETTLE squamous cell carcinoma
Other thyroid malignancies:angiosarcoma lymphoma plasmacytoma sarcoma teratoma thyroblastoma (pending) thyroid metastases
Other uncommon lesions / neoplasms:Langerhans cell histiocytosis Rosai-Dorfman disease solitary fibrous tumor
Parathyroid - general:anatomy & histology-parathyroid frozen section-parathyroid staging-parathyroid WHO classification-parathyroid (pending)
Parathyroid nonmalignant:ectopic parathyroid tissue hyperparathyroidism other nonneoplastic parathyroid parathyroid adenoma parathyroid gland hyperplasia
Parathyroid malignant:parathyroid carcinoma
Thyroid stains: AE1/AE3 BCL2 beta-catenin BRAF calcitonin CD5 CD117 CEA chromogranin CK19 Congo Red Galectin3 HBME Ki67 mammaglobin NRAS p53 p63 PAS PAX8 PTEN thyroglobulin TTF1

Parathyroid stains: chromogranin A GATA3 parafibromin (CDC73) (pending) PTH (parathyroid hormone) synaptophysin thyroglobulin TTF1

Superpages: entire chapterimagesvirtual slides
Index (Alphabetical table of contents)
A-E:acute / infectious thyroiditis adequacy AJCC / TNM Staging amiodarone induced hyperthyroidism amyloid goiter anaplastic thyroid carcinoma anatomy anatomy & histology-parathyroid angiosarcoma aplasia / hypoplasia AUS autoimmune thyroiditis benign Bethesda system diagnostic categories black / pigmented thyroid branchial pouch / cleft anomalies C cell hyperplasia calcification children clear cell clear cell change columnar cell congenital hypothyroidism cribriform-morular thyroid carcinoma crystals differentiated high grade thyroid carcinoma / high grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma (HGDTC) diffuse follicular diffuse sclerosing DiGeorge syndrome dyshormonogenetic goiter ectopic parathyroid tissue ectopic thyroid tissue embryology encapsulated encapsulated follicular endemic goiter
F-N:features to report fibromatosis / fasciitis-like FNA-general focal lymphocytic thyroiditis follicular adenoma follicular adenoma with papillary architecture (pending) follicular neoplasm follicular neoplasm (oncocytic follicular neoplasm) follicular thyroid carcinoma follicular variant frozen section frozen section-parathyroid FT-UMP Graves disease grossing Hashimoto thyroiditis Hashimoto-fibrous histology hobnail hyalinizing trabecular tumor hyperparathyroidism hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma invasive EFVPTC Langerhans cell histiocytosis lateral aberrant thyroid lymphoepithelial cyst lymphoma lysosomal storage diseases macrofollicular malakoplakia malignant medullary thyroid carcinoma microcarcinoma mixed medullary-follicular tumors molecular pathology basics molecular pathology-practical molecular testing in FNA mucoepidermoid carcinoma NIFTP nondiagnostic
O-Z:oncocytic oncocytic (Hürthle cell) tumors other nonneoplastic parathyroid palpation thyroiditis papillary thyroid carcinoma - classic papillary thyroid carcinoma overview parasitic nodule parathyroid adenoma parathyroid carcinoma parathyroid gland hyperplasia parathyroid tissue plasma cell granuloma plasmacytoma poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma postoperative spindle cell nodule radiation thyroiditis references Riedel thyroiditis Rosai-Dorfman disease sarcoidosis sarcoma sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia secretory carcinoma SETTLE silent thyroiditis solid / trabecular solid cell nests / ultimobranchial body remnants solitary fibrous tumor solitary papillary hyperplastic nodule solitary thyroid nodule squamous cell carcinoma staging-parathyroid subacute thyroiditis suspicious for malignancy tall cell teratoma thymic tissue thyroblastoma (pending) thyroglossal duct carcinoma thyroglossal duct cyst thyroid cancer-general thyroid follicular nodular disease (multinodular goiter) thyroid inclusions thyroid metastases toxic goiter ultrasound Warthin-like WDT-UMP WHO classification WHO classification-parathyroid (pending)
Thyroid & parathyroid books

Adeniran: 2016

Ali: 2023

Boerner: 2016

Braverman: 2020

Duick: 2018

Gill: 2022

Gnepp: 2020

IARC: 2017

Jiang: 2023

Kakudo: 2024

Kini: 2015

Mete: 2016

Mody: 2022

Nikiforov: 2019

Nosé: 2022

Rosai: 2015

Stelow: 2020

Thompson: 2022

Wartofsky: 2016

Wenig: 2024



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