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Soft tissue

Authors: Engy Abdellatif, M.B.B.Ch., M.D., Ph.D., Borislav A. Alexiev, M.D., Susan M. Armstrong, M.D., Ph.D., Komal Arora, M.D., Ali Chaudri, M.D., Qurratulain Chundriger, M.B.B.S., Michael R. Clay, M.D., Deepti Dhall, M.D., Brendan C. Dickson, M.D., M.Sc., Gonçalo F. Esteves, M.D., Ana Félix, M.D., Ph.D., Jerad M. Gardner, M.D., Raul S. Gonzalez, M.D., Ashley Gullett, M.D., Christopher S. Hale, M.D., Anjelica Hodgson, M.D., Kenneth A. Iczkowski, M.D., Christine E. Jabcuga, M.D., Lawrence J. Jennings, M.D., Ph.D., Ivy John, M.D., Dia Kamel, M.D., Ph.D., Erica Kao, M.D., Cansu Karakas, M.D., William B. Laskin, M.D., Faizan Malik, M.B.B.S., Jose G. Mantilla, M.D., Ricardo M. Mendoza, M.D., M.S., C.T. (ASCP), Michael Michal, M.D., Ph.D., Annie S. Morrison, M.D., Smitha Mruthyunjayappa, M.D., Alessandra F. Nascimento, M.D., Farres Obeidin, M.D., Erdener Özer, M.D., Ph.D., Nat Pernick, M.D., Jian-Hua Qiao, M.D., Swapnil U. Rane, M.D., Deepti Reddi, M.D., Andrea Saggini, M.D., Vijay Shankar, M.D., Charanjeet Singh, M.D., Brian D. Stewart, M.D., Lauren N. Stuart, M.D., M.B.A., Norbert Sule, M.D., Ph.D., H. Cliff Sullivan, M.D., Nasir Ud Din, M.B.B.S., Meggen Walsh, D.O., M.S., P.A., Hind Warzecha, M.D., Michella Whisman, M.D., Daniel Wimmer, M.D.

Minor changes: 26 October 2020

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Table of contents
General:approach to diagnosis architectural patterns books cell types grading histology-blood vessels histology-fibrous tissue histology-nerve histology-skeletal muscle histology-white and brown adipose molecular sarcomas-general staging-general staging-abdomen and thorax staging-GIST staging-head and neck staging-retroperitoneum staging-trunk and extremities staging-unusual sites syndromes WHO classification (pending) WHO classification-GI mesenchymal tumors
Infections, inflammation and hematoma:infections-general giant cell arteritis granulomatous hematoma Morton neuroma necrotizing fasciitis PVP granuloma tumoral calcinosis
Adipose tissue tumors:embryology and physiology of adipose tissue brown fat
Lipoma and variants:lipoma angiolipoma chondroid lipoma fibrolipoma intramuscular lipoma myolipoma myxoid lipoma spindle cell / pleomorphic lipoma
Other benign lesions:hibernoma lipoblastoma / lipoblastomatosis lipoma arborescens lipomatosis lipomatosis of nerve multiple symmetric lipomatosis pelvic lipomatosis
Liposarcoma:atypical lipomatous tumor / well differentiated liposarcoma atypical spindle cell / pleomorphic lipomatous tumor (pending) dedifferentiated liposarcoma myxoid liposarcoma myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma (pending) pleomorphic liposarcoma
Extraskeletal bone tumors:aneurysmal bone cyst chondroma chondrosarcoma mesenchymal chondrosarcoma myxoid chondrosarcoma chordoma Ewing sarcoma / PNET osteosarcoma parachordoma
Fibroblastic / myofibroblastic:angiofibroma cellular angiofibroma angiomyofibroblastoma calcifying aponeurotic fibroma calcifying fibrous tumor dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) DFSP-myoid (pending) DFSP-myxoid DFSP-pigmented (pending) DFSP-pleomorphic (pending) desmoplastic fibroblastoma elastofibroma eosinophilic fasciitis EWSR1-SMAD3 rearranged fibroma of tendon sheath fibro-osseous pseudotumor of digits (pending) fibrous hamartoma of infancy focal myositis Gardner-type fibroma giant cell fibroblastoma inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma ischemic fasciitis mammary-type myofibroblastoma myositis ossificans nodular fasciitis nuchal fibrocartilaginous pseudotumor nuchal-type fibroma ossifying fibromyxoid tumor proliferative fasciitis proliferative myositis solitary fibrous tumor superficial acral fibromyxoma superficial CD34+ fibroblastic tumor
fibromatosis:fibromatosis-general fibromatosis-desmoid fibromatosis-palmar / plantar fibromatosis colli inclusion body fibromatosis juvenile hyaline fibromatosis lipofibromatosis
fibrosarcoma:fibrosarcoma-adult fibrosarcoma-infantile low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma myxofibrosarcoma myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma
So called fibrohistiocytic:fibrohistiocytic tumors-general
Benign:deep benign fibrous histiocytoma tenosynovial giant cell tumor, localized type tenosynovial giant cell tumour, diffuse type
Intermediate (rarely metastasizing):giant cell tumor of soft tissue plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor
Malignant:malignant tenosynovial giant cell tumor
Peripheral nerve
Neurofibroma:neurofibroma-general plexiform neurofibroma neurofibromatosis type 1 neurofibromatosis type 2
Other benign:benign triton tumor (pending) ectopic meningioma (pending) hybrid nerve sheath tumor (pending) dermal nerve sheath myxoma granular cell tumor neuroma perineurioma pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy schwannoma schwannoma-ancient schwannoma-cellular schwannoma-microcystic / reticular schwannoma-plexiform solitary circumscribed neuroma (pending)
Malignant:malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor (pending) MPNST MPNST-epithelioid malignant triton tumor
Skeletal muscle:ectomesenchymoma neuromuscular hamartoma
Rhabdomyoma:adult type rhabdomyoma fetal type rhabdomyoma genital type rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma:rhabdomyosarcoma-general alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma spindle cell / sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma
Smooth muscle:smooth muscle tumors-general Epstein-Barr virus associated smooth muscle tumor
Leiomyoma:leiomyoma-general cutaneous leiomyoma leiomyoma of deep soft tissue
Leiomyosarcoma:leiomyosarcoma-general inflammatory leiomyosarcoma
Vascular
Nonneoplastic:arteriovenous malformation / hemangioma (pending) bacillary angiomatosis papillary endothelial hyperplasia radiation associated cutaneous atypical vascular lesion
Benign:anastomosing hemangioma capillary hemangioma cavernous hemangioma cystic / cavernous lymphangioma epithelioid hemangioma hemangioma intramuscular angioma lymphangioendothelioma lymphangioma lymphangiomatosis microvenular hemangioma synovial hemangioma venous hemangioma
Intermediate (locally aggressive / rarely metastasizing):composite hemangioendothelioma epithelioid hemangioendothelioma kaposiform hemangioendothelioma Kaposi sarcoma papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma retiform hemangioendothelioma
Malignant:angiosarcoma
Pericytic (perivascular):angioleiomyoma glomus tumor myofibroma / myofibromatosis myopericytoma
Uncertain differentiation:alveolar soft part sarcoma CIC-DUX4 fusion tumor fibrous histiocytoma-angiomatoid clear cell sarcoma desmoplastic small round cell epithelioid sarcoma extrarenal rhabdoid tumor intimal sarcoma juxta-articular myxoma myoepithelioma / myoepithelial carcinoma / mixed tumor myospherulosis myxoma pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor synovial sarcoma undifferentiated / unclassified sarcoma
Topics originating in other chapters: perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa)

Soft tissue stains: brachyury caldesmon CDK4 CIC-DUX4 D2-40 desmin DOG1 ERG FLI1 GLUT1 KIT / CD117 MDM2 MUC4 myogenin NKX2 SMARCA4 SMARCB1 (pending) SMA STAT6 TFE3 TLE1

Superpages: entire chapterimagesvirtual slides
Index (Alphabetical table of contents)
A-E:adult type rhabdomyoma alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma alveolar soft part sarcoma anastomosing hemangioma aneurysmal bone cyst angiofibroma angioleiomyoma angiolipoma angiomyofibroblastoma angiosarcoma approach to diagnosis architectural patterns arteriovenous malformation / hemangioma (pending) atypical lipomatous tumor / well differentiated liposarcoma atypical spindle cell / pleomorphic lipomatous tumor (pending) bacillary angiomatosis benign triton tumor (pending) brown fat calcifying aponeurotic fibroma calcifying fibrous tumor capillary hemangioma cavernous hemangioma cell types cellular angiofibroma chondroid lipoma chondroma chondrosarcoma chordoma CIC-DUX4 fusion tumor clear cell sarcoma composite hemangioendothelioma cutaneous leiomyoma cystic / cavernous lymphangioma dedifferentiated liposarcoma deep benign fibrous histiocytoma dermal nerve sheath myxoma dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) desmoplastic fibroblastoma desmoplastic small round cell DFSP-myoid (pending) DFSP-myxoid DFSP-pigmented (pending) DFSP-pleomorphic (pending) ectomesenchymoma ectopic meningioma (pending) elastofibroma embryology and physiology of adipose tissue embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma eosinophilic fasciitis epithelioid hemangioendothelioma epithelioid hemangioma epithelioid sarcoma Epstein-Barr virus associated smooth muscle tumor Ewing sarcoma / PNET EWSR1-SMAD3 rearranged extrarenal rhabdoid tumor
F-N:fetal type rhabdomyoma fibro-osseous pseudotumor of digits (pending) fibrohistiocytic tumors-general fibrolipoma fibroma of tendon sheath fibromatosis colli fibromatosis-desmoid fibromatosis-general fibromatosis-palmar / plantar fibrosarcoma-adult fibrosarcoma-infantile fibrous hamartoma of infancy fibrous histiocytoma-angiomatoid focal myositis Gardner-type fibroma genital type rhabdomyoma giant cell arteritis giant cell fibroblastoma giant cell tumor of soft tissue glomus tumor grading granular cell tumor granulomatous hemangioma hematoma hibernoma histology-blood vessels histology-fibrous tissue histology-nerve histology-skeletal muscle histology-white and brown adipose hybrid nerve sheath tumor (pending) inclusion body fibromatosis infections-general inflammatory leiomyosarcoma inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor intimal sarcoma intramuscular angioma intramuscular lipoma intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma ischemic fasciitis juvenile hyaline fibromatosis juxta-articular myxoma Kaposi sarcoma kaposiform hemangioendothelioma leiomyoma of deep soft tissue leiomyoma-general leiomyosarcoma-general lipoblastoma / lipoblastomatosis lipofibromatosis lipoma lipoma arborescens lipomatosis lipomatosis of nerve low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma lymphangioendothelioma lymphangioma lymphangiomatosis malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor (pending) malignant tenosynovial giant cell tumor malignant triton tumor mammary-type myofibroblastoma mesenchymal chondrosarcoma microvenular hemangioma molecular Morton neuroma MPNST MPNST-epithelioid multiple symmetric lipomatosis myoepithelioma / myoepithelial carcinoma / mixed tumor myofibroma / myofibromatosis myolipoma myopericytoma myositis ossificans myospherulosis myxofibrosarcoma myxoid chondrosarcoma myxoid lipoma myxoid liposarcoma myxoid pleomorphic liposarcoma (pending) myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma myxoma necrotizing fasciitis neurofibroma-general neurofibromatosis type 1 neurofibromatosis type 2 neuroma neuromuscular hamartoma nodular fasciitis nuchal fibrocartilaginous pseudotumor nuchal-type fibroma
O-Z:ossifying fibromyxoid tumor osteosarcoma papillary endothelial hyperplasia papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma parachordoma pelvic lipomatosis perineurioma phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor pleomorphic liposarcoma pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor plexiform neurofibroma proliferative fasciitis proliferative myositis pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma PVP granuloma radiation associated cutaneous atypical vascular lesion retiform hemangioendothelioma rhabdomyosarcoma-general sarcomas-general schwannoma schwannoma-ancient schwannoma-cellular schwannoma-microcystic / reticular schwannoma-plexiform sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma smooth muscle tumors-general solitary circumscribed neuroma (pending) solitary fibrous tumor spindle cell / pleomorphic lipoma spindle cell / sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma staging-abdomen and thorax staging-general staging-GIST staging-head and neck staging-retroperitoneum staging-trunk and extremities staging-unusual sites superficial acral fibromyxoma superficial CD34+ fibroblastic tumor syndromes synovial hemangioma synovial sarcoma tenosynovial giant cell tumor, localized type tenosynovial giant cell tumour, diffuse type tumoral calcinosis undifferentiated / unclassified sarcoma venous hemangioma WHO classification (pending) WHO classification-GI mesenchymal tumors
Soft tissue books

Boto: 2016

Fisher: 2015

Hornick: 2018

IARC: 2013

Lindberg: 2015

Miettinen: 2016

Montgomery: 2018

Paolo Dei Tos : 2019

Perry: 2017



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