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Authors: Engy Abdellatif, M.B.B.Ch., M.D., Ph.D., Elizabeth Abels, M.D., Indu Agarwal, M.D., Apeksha N. Agarwal, M.B.B.S., M.D., Di (Andy) Ai, M.D., Ph.D., Areej M. Al Nemer, M.D., Melissa Alexander, M.D., Ph.D., Afaf M. Alsharhan, M.D., Saba Anjum, M.B.B.S., Anand C. Annan, M.D., Ph.D., Maria A. Arafah, M.D., Jaya Ruth Asirvatham, M.D., Doaa Atwi, M.D., S. Emily Bachert, M.D., Gabrielle M. Baker, M.D., Harsh Batra, M.B.B.S., D.C.P., D.N.B., Samuel Bidot, M.D., Anna Biernacka, M.D., Ph.D., Luis Blanco, Jr., M.D., Ashley Cimino-Mathews, M.D., Susanne M. Crespo-Ramos, M.D., Rebecca Czaja, M.P.H., M.D., Carlos C. Diez Freire, M.D., Iskender Sinan Genco, M.D., Joseph Geradts, M.D., Harjot Kaur Gill, M.D., Paula S. Ginter, M.D., Evan R.J. Goyette, M.D., Anthony J. Guidi, M.D., Sabina Hajiyeva, M.D., Katie C. Hall, M.D., Bryan E. Harmon, M.D., Lewis A. Hassell, M.D., Jing He, M.D., Yu Jing Jan Heng, Ph.D., Ali Ismail, M.B.B.S., Shabnam Jaffer, M.D., Pragya Virendrakumar Jain, M.D., Zena Jameel, M.D., Tiffany Javadi, M.D., Victoria M. Jones, M.D., Julie M. Jorns, M.D., Dia Kamel, M.D., Ph.D., Cansu Karakas, M.D., Naila Kayani, M.D., Fatima Khalid, M.B.B.S., Melissa Krystel-Whittemore, M.D., Grace Kwon, M.D., Ph.D., Sofia Lérias, M.D., Carissa LaBoy, M.D., Belinda Lategan, M.D., Melinda Lerwill, M.D., Xiaoxian (Bill) Li, M.D., Ph.D., Joshua J.X. Li, M.B.Ch.B., Salvatore Luceno, M.D., M.Sc., Eric J. Magnetta, M.D., Daniel D. Mais, M.D., Kiran Manjee, M.D., Jonathan Marotti, M.D., Shahla Masood, M.D., Anas Mohamed, M.D., Gustavo Moreno, M.D., Samaneh A. Motanagh, M.D., Miralem Mrkonjic, M.D., Ph.D., Kristen E. Muller, D.O., Gahie Nam, M.D., Hafsa Nebbache, M.D., Nat Pernick, M.D., Emil Racila, M.D., Emad Rakha, M.D., Chanchal Rana, M.D., Emily S. Reisenbichler, M.D., Marilin Rosa, M.D., Monika Roychowdhury, M.D., Thomas Sabljic, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D., Sara Salehiazar, M.D., Sandra Sanchez, M.D., Mary Ann G. Sanders, M.D., Ph.D., Ruhani Sardana, M.B.B.S., Andrew P. Sciallis, M.D., Sunitha Shankaralingappa, M.B.B.S., M.D., D.M., Arundhathi Shankaralingappa, M.B.B.S., M.D., Kamaljeet Singh, M.D., Kalliopi P. Siziopikou, M.D., Ph.D., Eric Statz, M.D., Reena Tomar, M.B.B.S., M.D., Gary Tozbikian, M.D., Gary M. Tse, M.B.B.S., Gulisa Turashvili, M.D., Ph.D., Agnes Ikpoto Udoh, M.D., M.B.A., Jasmine Vickery, M.D., Jessica Wallace, P.A., A.S.C.P., Hind Warzecha, M.D., Shannon Mingo Welter, M.D., Hannah Y. Wen, M.D., Ph.D., Jessie M. Wu, M.B.Ch.B., Ellen Yang, M.B.B.S., Y. Albert Yeh, M.D., Ph.D., Hillary Zalaznick, M.D., Huina Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., Elaine Zhong, M.D., Debra L. Zynger, M.D.

Last staff update: 3 December 2024

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Editorial Board oversight: Julie M. Jorns, M.D. (last reviewed December 2022), Kristen E. Muller, D.O. (last reviewed November 2021), Gary Tozbikian, M.D. (last reviewed January 2024)
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Table of contents
General:anatomy axillary lymph nodes biopsy marking devices books core biopsy cytology frozen sections frozen section procedure grossing & features to report histology sentinel lymph nodes staging WHO classification
Congenital anomalies:amastia / aplasia / hypoplasia / athelia pubertal macromastia supernumerary / accessory tissue
Inflammatory / infectious:acute mastitis / abscess amyloid benign breast implant related changes cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis duct ectasia fat necrosis foreign body reaction idiopathic granulomatous mastitis lymphocytic / diabetic mastitis silicone leak / lymphadenopathy SMOLD sparganosis tuberculosis
Fibrocystic changes:adenomyoepithelial adenosis adenosis apocrine adenosis / atypical apocrine adenosis apocrine metaplasia columnar cell change / hyperplasia microcysts nonproliferative fibrocystic changes radial scar / complex sclerosing lesion sclerosing adenosis usual ductal hyperplasia
Other nonneoplastic:collagenous spherulosis cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia galactocele gynecomastia juvenile papillomatosis lactating adenoma microcalcifications mucocele-like lesion pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia secretory change subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia transgender breast pathology
Fibroepithelial tumors:fibroadenoma fibroadenomatoid change hamartoma phyllodes tumor tubular adenoma
Epithelial-myoepithelial tumors:adenomyoepithelioma & malignant adenomyoepithelioma pleomorphic adenoma
Other benign tumors:apocrine adenoma atypical vascular proliferation ductal adenoma fibromatosis granular cell tumor hemangioma intraductal papilloma leiomyoma microglandular adenosis myofibroblastoma nipple adenoma schwannoma syringomatous tumor
Noninvasive lobular neoplasia:atypical lobular hyperplasia LCIS florid LCIS pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) classic
Intraductal atypia:atypical ductal hyperplasia flat epithelial atypia
Ductal carcinoma in situ:DCIS Paget disease
Papillary carcinoma:encapsulated papillary carcinoma solid papillary carcinoma
Breast cancer:histologic grading inflammatory male invasive molecular subtypes multigene products spread and metastases triple negative breast cancer
Therapy:abemaciclib (pending) antibody drug conjugate therapy atezolizumab hormonal therapy immunotherapy neoadjuvant chemotherapy pertuzumab radiation therapy & cryoprobe trastuzumab
Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type and variants:invasive breast cancer of no special type (NST) medullary NST, rare variants
Lobular carcinoma:classic pleomorphic lobular carcinoma
Metaplastic carcinoma:fibromatosis-like low grade adenosquamous metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma
Neuroendocrine carcinoma:neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) neuroendocrine tumor
Other invasive carcinoma subtypes, WHO classified:acinic cell carcinoma adenoid cystic apocrine cribriform microinvasive micropapillary mixed NST mucinous mucinous cystadenocarcinoma mucoepidermoid papillary polymorphous secretory tall cell carcinoma with reverse polarity tubular
Other carcinoma subtypes, not WHO classified:BRCA associated carcinoma cystic hypersecretory carcinoma HER2 low breast cancer myoepithelioma and myoepithelial carcinoma tubulolobular carcinoma
Sarcoma:angiosarcoma other sarcomas well differentiated liposarcoma
Other malignancies:breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma lymphoma metastases
Breast stains: androgen receptor calponin CK5 CK7 E-cadherin ER GATA3 GCDFP-15 HER2 breast hormone receptors Ki67 breast mammaglobin p40 p63 p120 catenin PDL1 22C3 PR SMMHC / smooth muscle myosin heavy chain SOX10 TRPS1

Superpages: entire chapterimagesvirtual slides
Index (Alphabetical table of contents)
A-E:abemaciclib (pending) acinic cell carcinoma acute mastitis / abscess adenoid cystic adenomyoepithelial adenosis adenomyoepithelioma & malignant adenomyoepithelioma adenosis amastia / aplasia / hypoplasia / athelia amyloid anatomy angiosarcoma antibody drug conjugate therapy apocrine apocrine adenoma apocrine adenosis / atypical apocrine adenosis apocrine metaplasia atezolizumab atypical ductal hyperplasia atypical lobular hyperplasia atypical vascular proliferation axillary lymph nodes benign breast implant related changes biopsy marking devices BRCA associated carcinoma breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma classic collagenous spherulosis columnar cell change / hyperplasia core biopsy cribriform cystic hypersecretory carcinoma cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis cytology DCIS duct ectasia ductal adenoma encapsulated papillary carcinoma
F-N:fat necrosis fibroadenoma fibroadenomatoid change fibromatosis fibromatosis-like flat epithelial atypia foreign body reaction frozen section procedure frozen sections galactocele granular cell tumor grossing & features to report gynecomastia hamartoma hemangioma HER2 low breast cancer histologic grading histology hormonal therapy idiopathic granulomatous mastitis immunotherapy inflammatory intraductal papilloma invasive breast cancer of no special type (NST) juvenile papillomatosis lactating adenoma LCIS florid LCIS pleomorphic leiomyoma lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) classic low grade adenosquamous lymphocytic / diabetic mastitis lymphoma male invasive medullary metaplastic metastases microcalcifications microcysts microglandular adenosis microinvasive micropapillary mixed NST molecular subtypes mucinous mucinous cystadenocarcinoma mucocele-like lesion mucoepidermoid multigene products myoepithelioma and myoepithelial carcinoma myofibroblastoma neoadjuvant chemotherapy neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) neuroendocrine tumor nipple adenoma nonproliferative fibrocystic changes NST, rare variants
O-Z:other sarcomas Paget disease papillary pertuzumab phyllodes tumor pleomorphic adenoma pleomorphic lobular carcinoma polymorphous pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia pubertal macromastia radial scar / complex sclerosing lesion radiation therapy & cryoprobe schwannoma sclerosing adenosis secretory secretory change sentinel lymph nodes silicone leak / lymphadenopathy SMOLD solid papillary carcinoma sparganosis spread and metastases squamous cell carcinoma staging subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia supernumerary / accessory tissue syringomatous tumor tall cell carcinoma with reverse polarity transgender breast pathology trastuzumab triple negative breast cancer tuberculosis tubular tubular adenoma tubulolobular carcinoma usual ductal hyperplasia well differentiated liposarcoma WHO classification
Breast books

Bhargava: 2015

Cimino-Mathews: 2024

Dabbs: 2016

Damjanov: 2017

Field: 2020

Hoda: 2020

Husain: 2021

IARC: 2019

Jiang: 2023

Lester: 2021

Mody: 2022

Schnitt: 2017



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