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Placenta


Minor changes: 4 January 2021

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Table of contents
General:anatomy & histology-placenta & umbilical cord books grossing, features to report & standard diagnostic report placental development & hormones staging-GTD twins
Gross/Macroscopic Variations and Conditions
Variations in Size and Shape:accessory (succenturiate) lobe bilobate placenta large for gestational age / overweight placentas low weight / small for gestational age
Fetal Membranes:amnionic web and amniotic band syndrome chorionic cysts circummarginate placenta circumvallate placenta
Umbilical cord:furcate insertion knots long cord marginal insertion nuchal cord prolapsed umbilical cord short cord thin cord torsion / hypercoiling velamentous insertion
Abnormal Placentation:blighted ovum ectopic pregnancy placenta accreta, increta and percreta placenta previa
Nonneoplastic placental conditions and abnormalities
Infectious:acute villitis and intervillositis acute chorionic vasculitis & chorioamnionitis necrotizing funisitis specific infectious organisms umbilical vasculitis and funisitis
Noninfectious:amnion nodosum chorangiomatosis chorangiosis chronic deciduitis chronic histiocytic intervillositis decidual vasculopathy distal villous hyperplasia (villous dysmaturity / delayed villous maturation) erythroblastosis fetal thrombotic vasculopathy hemorrhagic endovasculitis / vasculopathy hypoxic changes increased perivillous fibrin infarct maternal floor infarction meconium staining retroplacental hematoma with intraplacental extension (abruption) squamous metaplasia Tenney Parker changes thrombosis of fetal arteries uteroplacental insufficiency villitis of unknown etiology
Placental findings in specific conditions:abortion subtypes fetus in fetu hydrops fetalis intrauterine fetal demise placental edema (placental hydrops) sickle cell disease toxemia of pregnancy (preeclampsia and eclampsia) twin - twin transfusion
Umbilical cord:hematoma single umbilical artery and supernumerary vessels
Embryonic remnants:embryonic remnants
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Neoplasms:choriocarcinoma epithelioid trophoblastic tumor placental site trophoblastic tumor
Nonneoplastic lesions:exaggerated placental site placental site nodule
Molar pregnancies:hydatidiform mole complete hydatidiform mole partial hydatidiform mole invasive hydatidiform mole
Abnormal (nonmolar) villous lesions:fetal trisomies mesenchymal dysplasia
Non-trophoblastic neoplasms:chorangioma hepatocellular adenoma-like lesion of placenta metastases
Placenta associated uterine conditions:placental site subinvolution polyps
Superpages: entire chapterimagesvirtual slides
Index (Alphabetical table of contents)
A-E:abortion subtypes accessory (succenturiate) lobe acute chorionic vasculitis & chorioamnionitis acute villitis and intervillositis amnion nodosum amnionic web and amniotic band syndrome anatomy & histology-placenta & umbilical cord bilobate placenta blighted ovum chorangioma chorangiomatosis chorangiosis choriocarcinoma chorionic cysts chronic deciduitis chronic histiocytic intervillositis circummarginate placenta circumvallate placenta complete hydatidiform mole decidual vasculopathy distal villous hyperplasia (villous dysmaturity / delayed villous maturation) ectopic pregnancy embryonic remnants epithelioid trophoblastic tumor erythroblastosis exaggerated placental site
F-N:fetal thrombotic vasculopathy fetal trisomies fetus in fetu furcate insertion grossing, features to report & standard diagnostic report hematoma hemorrhagic endovasculitis / vasculopathy hepatocellular adenoma-like lesion of placenta hydatidiform mole hydrops fetalis hypoxic changes increased perivillous fibrin infarct intrauterine fetal demise invasive hydatidiform mole knots large for gestational age / overweight placentas long cord low weight / small for gestational age marginal insertion maternal floor infarction meconium staining mesenchymal dysplasia metastases necrotizing funisitis nuchal cord
O-Z:partial hydatidiform mole placenta accreta, increta and percreta placenta previa placental development & hormones placental edema (placental hydrops) placental site nodule placental site subinvolution placental site trophoblastic tumor polyps prolapsed umbilical cord retroplacental hematoma with intraplacental extension (abruption) short cord sickle cell disease single umbilical artery and supernumerary vessels specific infectious organisms squamous metaplasia staging-GTD Tenney Parker changes thin cord thrombosis of fetal arteries torsion / hypercoiling toxemia of pregnancy (preeclampsia and eclampsia) twin - twin transfusion twins umbilical vasculitis and funisitis uteroplacental insufficiency velamentous insertion villitis of unknown etiology
Placenta books

Crum: 2017

Heller: 2015

IARC: 2014

Kraus: 2004

Nucci: 2020

Olivia: 2019



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