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Bone & joints

Authors: Rabia Ahmed, M.B.B.S., Alnoor Akber, M.D., Borislav A. Alexiev, M.D., Alaaeddin Alrohaibani, M.D., Saba Anjum, M.B.B.S., Tamanna Asghari, M.B.B.S., Anshu Bandhlish, M.D., Cecilia Belzarena, M.D, M.P.H., Dariusz Borys, M.D., Iva Brčić, M.D., Ph.D., Qurratulain Chundriger, M.B.B.S., Jessica L. Davis, M.D., Gustavo de la Roza, M.D., Raul S. Gonzalez, M.D., Akif K. Guney, M.D., Hans Magne Hamnvåg, M.D., Jesse Hart, D.O. , Travis H. Johnson, D.O., M.S., Erica Kao, M.D., Kemal Kösemehmetoğlu, M.D., William B. Laskin, M.D., Bernadette Liegl-Atzwanger, M.D., Jose G. Mantilla, M.D., Aisha Memon, M.B.B.S., Mohammad Khurram Minhas, M.B.B.S., Sarosh Moeen, M.B.B.S., Elham Nasri, M.D., Erdener Özer, M.D., Ph.D., Ashley Patton, D.O., Ph.D., Nat Pernick, M.D., Shadi Qasem, M.D., M.B.A., Madiha Bilal Qureshi, M.B.B.S., Aishwarya Ravindran, M.B.B.S., Karen L. Rech, M.D., John D. Reith, M.D. , Robert Ricciotti, M.D., Serenella Serinelli, M.D., Ph.D., Nuha Shaker, M.D., M.S., Vijay Shankar, M.D., Sahar Suleman, M.B.B.S., Muhammad Usman Tariq, M.B.B.S., Nasir Ud Din, M.B.B.S., Paul E. Wakely, Jr., M.D., Kristina Wakeman, M.D., Laura Warmke, M.D., Sheren Younes, M.D., Lingxin Zhang, M.D.

Last staff update: 25 July 2022

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Related chapters: Bone marrow nonneoplastic, Mandible & maxilla, Soft tissue

Editorial Board oversight: Nasir Ud Din, M.B.B.S. (last reviewed January 2022), Jose G. Mantilla, M.D. (last reviewed January 2021), Borislav Alexiev, M.D. (last reviewed July 2020), Debra Zynger, M.D. (last reviewed July 2020)
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Table of contents
General:anatomy-bone anatomy-joints biopsy bone formation and growth books grossing, frozen section & features to report histology-bone histology-joints staging WHO classification
Developmental abnormalities:bone island fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva skeletal dysplasias
Osteomyelitis:osteomyelitis overview bacterial osteomyelitis (acute) chronic osteomyelitis tuberculous osteomyelitis
Arthritis:arthritis-general calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease degenerative joint disease gout and gouty arthritis juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Lyme arthritis rheumatoid arthritis spondylodiskitis suppurative arthritis systemic lupus erythematosus tuberculous arthritis
Other nonneoplastic:aseptic bone necrosis bursitis cartilaginous rest cystic meniscus disc material epidermoid inclusion cyst fracture ganglion implant related changes hyperparathyroidism infarct osteochondritis dissecans osteogenesis imperfecta osteopetrosis osteoporosis Paget disease rickets / osteomalacia synovial cysts synovial lipomatosis tumoral calcinosis
Osteosarcoma:conventional osteosarcoma and osteosarcoma overview low grade (central) osteosarcoma parosteal osteosarcoma
Osteogenic giant cell rich tumors:giant cell tumor of bone
Other osteogenic tumors:Ewing sarcoma osteoblastoma osteoid osteoma osteoma
Chondrosarcoma:atypical cartilaginous tumor / chondrosarcoma, grade 1 chondrosarcoma (primary, secondary, periosteal) clear cell chondrosarcoma dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Notochordal lesions:benign notochordal cell tumor chordoma
Other chondrogenic tumors:bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation chondroblastoma chondromyxoid fibroma enchondroma of hands and feet enchondroma of long bones osteochondroma osteochondromyxoma periosteal chondroma subungual exostosis synovial & tenosynovial chondromatosis
Fibrogenic / fibrohistiocytic tumors:desmoplastic fibroma of bone fibrosarcoma of bone nonossifying fibroma
Vascular tumors:angiosarcoma hemangioma
Undifferentiated / poorly differentiated small round / spindle cell tumor:BCOR::CCNB3 sarcoma translocation negative (pending)
Other tumors:adamantinoma aneurysmal bone cyst Erdheim-Chester disease fibrous dysplasia ganglion cyst of bone infantile myofibromatosis liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor lymphoma Mazabraud syndrome McCune-Albright syndrome metastases osteofibrous dysplasia phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor simple bone cyst systemic mastocytosis undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma xanthoma
Related topics from other chapters: epithelioid hemangioendothelioma juxta-articular myxoma Langerhans cell histiocytosis myositis ossificans synovial hemangioma tenosynovial giant cell tumor-diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor-localized

Bone & joint stains: AE1 / AE3 BCOR brachyury CD99 CIC-DUX4 ERG FLI1 H3.3K36M (pending) H3F3A (G34W) (pending) MDM2 S100 SATB2 SOX9

Superpages: entire chapterimagesvirtual slides
Index (Alphabetical table of contents)
A-E:adamantinoma anatomy-bone anatomy-joints aneurysmal bone cyst angiosarcoma arthritis-general aseptic bone necrosis atypical cartilaginous tumor / chondrosarcoma, grade 1 bacterial osteomyelitis (acute) BCOR::CCNB3 sarcoma benign notochordal cell tumor biopsy bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation bone formation and growth bone island bursitis calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease cartilaginous rest chondroblastoma chondromyxoid fibroma chondrosarcoma (primary, secondary, periosteal) chordoma chronic osteomyelitis clear cell chondrosarcoma conventional osteosarcoma and osteosarcoma overview cystic meniscus dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma degenerative joint disease desmoplastic fibroma of bone disc material enchondroma of hands and feet enchondroma of long bones epidermoid inclusion cyst Erdheim-Chester disease Ewing sarcoma
F-N:fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva fibrosarcoma of bone fibrous dysplasia fracture ganglion ganglion cyst of bone giant cell tumor of bone gout and gouty arthritis grossing, frozen section & features to report hemangioma histology-bone histology-joints hyperparathyroidism implant related changes infantile myofibromatosis infarct juvenile rheumatoid arthritis liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor low grade (central) osteosarcoma Lyme arthritis lymphoma Mazabraud syndrome McCune-Albright syndrome mesenchymal chondrosarcoma metastases nonossifying fibroma
O-Z:osteoblastoma osteochondritis dissecans osteochondroma osteochondromyxoma osteofibrous dysplasia osteogenesis imperfecta osteoid osteoma osteoma osteomyelitis overview osteopetrosis osteoporosis Paget disease parosteal osteosarcoma periosteal chondroma phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor rheumatoid arthritis rickets / osteomalacia simple bone cyst skeletal dysplasias spondylodiskitis staging subungual exostosis suppurative arthritis synovial & tenosynovial chondromatosis synovial cysts synovial lipomatosis systemic lupus erythematosus systemic mastocytosis translocation negative (pending) tuberculous arthritis tuberculous osteomyelitis tumoral calcinosis undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma WHO classification xanthoma
Bone & joints books

Czerniak: 2015

Deyrup: 2015

Fisher: 2015

Greenspan: 2015

IARC: 2020

Jiang: 2021

Jo: 2015

Nielsen: 2017

Unni: 2005



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