CD Markers

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CD Markers

CD1

Reviewers: Nat Pernick, M.D., (see Reviewers page)
Revised: 29 November 2010, last major update November 2010
Copyright: (c) 2002-2010, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.

General
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● Family of non-polymorphic MHC class I-like glycoproteins on surface of various antigen-presenting cells
● Member of immunoglobulin superfamily
● Involved in presentation of autologous and bacterial lipid antigens to T cells; may also mediate thymic T cell development
● Has 5 different subsets (CD1a-CD1e, each listed separately in this chapter), all noncovalently associated with beta 2 microglobulin, all on #1q22-23 (non MHC linked)
● Separated into 2 groups based on sequence homology: group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1e) - present in humans, some other mammals, not in mouse or rat; group 2 (CD1d) - present in all mammals studied
● The different CD1 forms bind to different types of lipid antigen based on differences in their antigen binding grooves (Nat Rev Immunol 2005;5:387)

Physiology
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● Cellular infection with Mycobacteria tuberculosis or exposure to mycobacterial cell wall products converts CD1 negative myeloid precursors into competent CD1+ antigen presenting cells (J Immunol 2005;175:1758)
● Pollen lipids are also recognized as antigens by T cells via CD1 dependent pathway (J Exp Med 2005;202:295)
● Inhibition of CD1 expression may be a mechanism of immune system evasion by metastatic melanoma (Am J Path 2004;165:1853), Leishmania donovani (Infect Immun 2004;72:589) and some mycobacteria (Infect Immun 2009;77:4947)
● Primary deficiency of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in abetalipoproteinemia is associated with loss of CD1 function (J Clin Invest 2010;120:2889)

Uses by pathologists
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● CD1a is used to diagnose Langerhans cell histiocytosis and to exclude other entities that are CD1a negative

End of CD Markers > CD1

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