Pathology Outlines

Stains & CD markers
CD60-69

Last author update: 1 February 2002

Last staff update: 19 April 2023

Copyright: 2002-2024, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.

PubMed Search: CD60, CD64[title], CD65, CD65s, CD66, CD66b, CD66c, CD66d, pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein, CD69[title]

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Table of Contents

CD60 (CDw60) | CD60a | CD60b | CD60c | CD61 | CD62 | CD63 | CD64 | CD65 | CD65s | CD66 | CD66b (formerly CD67) | CD66c | CD66d | CD66e / CEA | CD66f | CD68 | CD69 | Microscopic (histologic) images

Cite this page: Pernick N. CD60-69. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cdmarkerscd60.html. Accessed April 17th, 2024.

CD60 (CDw60)

Use of CD60, CDw60 and CD60a, CD60b and CD60c is inconsistent
Not proteins but oligosaccharides present on gangliosides
Antibodies provide costimulatory signals for T cells
Expressed on most T cells in autoimmune lesions (Immunol Invest 2001;30:67)
CD8+ CD60+ T cells may regulate IgE memory responses and isotype switching (Hum Immunol 2005;66:1029)
Associated with Th1 immune response in skin (Br J Dermatol 2003;149:739)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal:
- Platelets, T cells (30%), thymic epithelium, activated keratinocytes, melanocytes, synovial fibroblasts, glomeruli, smooth muscle cells and astrocytes (Carbohydr Res 2000;329:791)
- Also epithelium of reproductive system, exocrine and endocrine glands (Histochem J 2000;32:447)
Positive staining - disease: T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, monocytes in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (Acta Derm Venereol 2001;81:263)
Negative staining: B cells, granulocytes and monocytes
Reference: Glycoforum: Glycolipid [Accessed 5 May 2021]

CD60a

GD3: carbohydrate structure
Not a protein: oligosaccharide present on gangliosides
No significant clinical use by pathologists

CD60b

9-O-acetyl-GD3 - carbohydrate structure
Intracellular regulators of apoptosis in T lymphocytes (Glycobiology 2011;21:1161)
Expressed during rat central nervous system development and mainly associated with neuronal migration (Stem Cells Int 2017;2017:5759490)
Other names: UM4D4
Positive stains: subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T cells, platelets and monocytes

CD60c

7-O-acetyl-GD3 - carbohydrate structure
Not a protein: oligosaccharide present on gangliosides
No significant clinical use by pathologists

CD61

See CD61

CD62

See Selectins

CD63

See CD63

CD64

Also called Fc gamma RI, CD64A
High affinity receptor binds to Fc region of IgG
Important in phagocytosis via receptor mediated endocytosis of IgG antigen complexes
Mediates antigen capture for presentation to T cells, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, release of cytokines and reactive oxygen intermediates
Also binds to C reaction protein and mediates its effects (J Biol Chem 2005;280:25095)
Denge fever immune complexes enter macrophages via CD64 (J Virol 2006;80:10128)
Uses by pathologists:
- High neutrophil CD64 levels predict sepsis (Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130:654, Lab Hematol 2005;11:137)
- Early onset of infection in neonates (Pediatr Res 2004;56:796)
- Infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients (J Rheumatol 2006;33:2416)
Positive staining - normal: antigen presenting cells including macrophages / monocytes, activated granulocytes and dendritic cells; also early myeloid cells
Positive staining - disease: AML M3 (usually); M4, M5, M0 - M2 (variable) (Am J Clin Pathol 1998;110:797)
Negative staining: AML M7
Reference: OMIM: 146760 [Accessed 5 May 2021]

CD65

Also called VIM2, ceramide dodecasaccharide, dimeric sialyl CD15
Adhesive carbohydrate (not a protein) that appears to be significant risk factor for extravascular AML infiltration (Leuk Res 2001;25:847)
Uses by pathologists: myeloid antigen used in flow cytometry
Positive staining - normal: myeloid cells, monocytes
Positive staining - disease: AML
Negative staining: lymphocytes

CD65s

Also called sialylated CD65
Carbohydrate antigen, not a protein
Appears when CD34 antigen disappears
Antibodies may either recognize CD65s (sialylated) or CD65 (nonsialylated)
Uses by pathologists: for acute leukemia cell typing and to identify a subset of pre-B ALL (Am J Clin Pathol 2002;117:380)
Positive staining - normal: granulocytes, monocytes
Positive staining - disease: myeloid leukemia, low levels in AML M0 - M1 (Leukemia 2003;17:1544)

CD66

Also called CEACAM1, biliary glycoprotein, BGP, C-CAM, CD66A
Primordial protein of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family
Cell adhesion molecule capable of activating neutrophils
Receptor for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitides; binding prevents epithelial detachment, a defense mechanism that hinders colonization (J Cell Biol 2005;170:825)
- CD66a+ B cells are also killed by N. gonorrhoeae (Infect Immun 2005;73:4171)
With osteopontin, may mediate invasion of extravillous trophoblast at maternal fetal interface (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:5407)
Interactions with CEA inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity (J Immunol 2005;174:6692)
Downregulated in:
- Breast (J Histochem Cytochem 1997;45:957)
- Colorectal, endometrial, hepatocellular, prostate (particularly Gleason grade 4/5) (Hum Pathol 2002;33:290)
- Renal cell carcinoma (J Pathol 2004;204:258)
Uses by pathologists: expression predicts metastases in cutaneous melanoma (J Clin Oncol 2002;20:2530)
Positive staining - normal: granulocytes, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, prostate glands and ducts (dense), bile canaliculi between liver cells, extravillous trophoblast (Am J Pathol 2000;156:1165)
Positive staining - disease: low grade prostate carcinoma
Negative staining: high grade (Gleason 4/5) prostate carcinoma
Reference: OMIM: 109770 [Accessed 5 May 2021]

CD66b (formerly CD67)

Also called CEACAM8. NCA-95 and CGM6; formerly CD67
Cell adhesion molecule capable of activating neutrophils
Increased expression on peripheral blood neutrophils and eosinophils of rheumatoid arthritis patients (Scand J Immunol 1999;50:433)
Uses by pathologists: marker for granulocytes
Positive staining - normal: granulocytes
Positive staining - disease: chronic myelogenous leukemia, cardiomyocytes in areas of infarction (Cancer Res 1990;50:6534, Cardiovasc Res 1999;41:603)

CD66c

Also called nonspecific cross reactive antigen, CEACAM6, NCA 50/90
Cell adhesion molecule capable of activating neutrophils
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal: granulocytes
Positive staining - disease: ALL (43%) (BMC Cancer 2005;5:38)
Reference: OMIM: 163980 [Accessed 5 May 2021]

CD66d

Also called CEACAM3, CGM1
Cell adhesion molecule capable of activating neutrophils
Has important role in control of pathogens by the innate (opsonin independent) immune system (Wikipedia: Innate Immune System [Accessed 5 May 2021], J Exp Med 2004;199:35)
Used by Neisseria. gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Hemophilus influenzae to anchor themselves to and invade host cells
N. gonorrheae has an opacity associated (Opa) protein that binds to CEACAM3 (J Biol Chem 2001;276:17413)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal: granulocytes
Reference: OMIM: 609142 [Accessed 5 May 2021]

CD66e / CEA

See CD66e / CEA

CD66f

Also called pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein, PSG1
May be involved in immune regulation, protection of fetus from maternal immune system
Released into maternal circulation during pregnancy
Low levels in maternal blood predict spontaneous abortion
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal: syncytiotrophoblasts, fetal liver and myeloid cells
Positive staining - disease: hydatidiform and invasive moles, choriocarcinoma (J Clin Pathol 1977;30:19)
Reference: OMIM: 176390 [Accessed 5 May 2021]

CD68

See CD68

CD69

Also called activation inducer molecule (AIM), early activation antigen (EA1)
Earliest inducible cell surface glycoprotein acquired during lymphoid activation
Involved in early events of T cell, NK cell, monocyte and platelet activation
Associated with Th1 T cell differentiation and associated cytokines (IL2, TNF alpha, interferon gamma) (Hum Pathol 2002;33:330)
Highly expressed on T cells from inflammatory infiltrates of rheumatoid arthritis, viral hepatitis and autoimmune thyroid disorders (Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004;22:331)
Expression on CD3+ and CD8+ peripheral blood T cells correlates with acute graft rejection in renal allograft recipients (Transplantation 2003;76:190)
May promote lymphocyte retention in lymphoid organs (Nature 2006;440:540)
No significant clinical use by pathologists
Positive staining - normal: activated T cells, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, epidermal Langerhans cells, platelets and thymocytes
Positive staining - disease: peripheral T cell lymphoma (Am J Clin Pathol 2003;120:866)
Reference: OMIM: 107273 [Accessed 5 May 2021]