General: primary references normal anatomy normal histology placental development placental hormones common misdiagnoses

Infectious conditions: acute villitis chorioamnionitis chronic intervillositis villitis of unknown etiology specific infectious organisms

Placental gross/microscopic abnormalities, non-neoplastic: accessory (succenturiate) lobe acute chorionic vasculitis amnion nodosum amniotic band rupture bilobate placenta Breus mole chronic deciduitis circummarginate circumvallate confined placental mosaicism cysts decidual vasculopathy diffuse chorioamniotic hemosiderosis fat deposits fetal nucleated red blood cells fetal thrombotic vasculopathy fibrin fistula lined by intermediate trophoblast geographic villi hemorrhage hemorrhagic endovasculitis hypoxia iron deposits low placental weight maternal floor infarction meconium staining overweight placentas placenta accreta placental edema placental infarct placental mesenchymal dysplasia placental polyp placenta previa placental site subinvolution retroplacental hematoma squamous metaplasia subamniotic vernix caseosum Tenney Parker changes uteroplacental insufficiency villous dysmaturity yolk sac remnant

Placental findings in specific newborn/fetal or maternal conditions: aneuploidy Beckwith-Widemann syndrome blighted ovum ectopic pregnancy fetal death fetal neurologic impairment / cerebral palsy hydrops fetalis missed abortion recurrent fetal loss scleroderma septic abortion sickle cell disease smoking spontaneous abortion system lupus erythematosus thrombosis of fetal arteries toxemia of pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia) triploidy trisomy Turner syndrome twins twins-acardia twins-fetal papyraceus twin-twin transfusion syndrome

Umbilical cord: normal acute funisitis amniotic web embryonic remnants furcate insertion hematoma knots long cord marginal insertion marked segmental thinning necrotizing funisitis nuchal cord prolapsed cord short cord single umbilical artery supernumerary vessels teratoma thin cord torsion velamentous insertion

Non-trophoblastic neoplasms: chorangioma chorangiomatosis chorangiosis congenital primitive epithelial tumor of liver giant pigmented nevi of newborn hemangioendothelioma hepatocellular adenoma-like lesion of placenta lymphoma metastases to placenta transient myeloproliferative disease of newborn

Gestational trophoblastic disease: general choriocarcinoma complete mole epithelioid trophoblastic tumor exaggerated placental site hydatidiform moles-general invasive mole partial/incomplete mole placental site nodule placental site trophoblastic tumor

Miscellaneous: staging features of tumors to report grossing placentas standard diagnostic report


Alphabetical table of contents
A-E: accessory (succenturiate) lobe acute chorionic vasculitis acute funisitis acute villitis amnion nodosum amniotic band rupture amniotic web aneuploidy Beckwith-Widemann syndrome bilobate placenta blighted ovum Breus mole chorangioma chorangiomatosis chorangiosis chorioamnionitis choriocarcinoma chronic deciduitis chronic intervillositis circummarginate circumvallate common misdiagnoses complete mole confined placental mosaicism congenital primitive epithelial tumor of liver cysts decidual vasculopathy diffuse chorioamniotic hemosiderosis ectopic pregnancy embryonic remnants epithelioid trophoblastic tumor exaggerated placental site

F-N: fat deposits features of tumors to report fetal death fetal neurologic impairment / cerebral palsy fetal nucleated red blood cells fetal thrombotic vasculopathy fibrin fistula lined by intermediate trophoblast furcate insertion geographic villi gestational trophoblastic disease - general giant pigmented nevi of newborn grossing placentas hemangioendothelioma hematoma hemorrhage hemorrhagic endovasculitis hepatocellular adenoma-like lesion of placenta hydatidiform moles-general hydrops fetalis hypoxia invasive mole iron deposits knots long cord low placental weight lymphoma marginal insertion marked segmental thinning maternal floor infarction meconium staining metastases to placenta missed abortion necrotizing funisitis normal placental anatomy normal placental histology normal umbilical cord nuchal cord

O-Z: overweight placentas partial/incomplete mole placenta accreta placenta previa placental development placental edema placental hormones placental infarct placental mesenchymal dysplasia placental polyp placental site nodule placental site subinvolution placental site trophoblastic tumor prolapsed cord recurrent fetal loss retroplacental hematoma scleroderma septic abortion short cord sickle cell disease single umbilical artery smoking specific infectious organisms spontaneous abortion squamous metaplasia standard diagnostic report subamniotic vernix caseosum supernumerary vessels system lupus erythematosus Tenney Parker changes teratoma thin cord thrombosis of fetal arteries torsion toxemia of pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia) transient myeloproliferative disease of newborn triploidy trisomy Turner syndrome twins twins-acardia twins-fetal papyraceus twin-twin transfusion syndrome uteroplacental insufficiency velamentous insertion villitis of unknown etiology villous dysmaturity yolk sac remnant