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Thyroid gland
Reviewer: Shahidul Islam, M.D., Ph.D. (see Reviewers page)
Revised: 7 April 2013, last major update March 2009
Copyright: (c) 2001-2013, PathologyOutlines.com, Inc.
Table of contents
General: primary references embryology anatomy histology physiology cytology cytodiagnostic groups FNA tissue effects crystals variations
Congenital/metabolic anomalies: aplasia/hypoplasia branchial pouch/cleft anomalies cystic ultimobranchial body remnants cystinosis DiGeorge syndrome heterotopic thyroid tissue lateral aberrant thyroid lymph nodes with thyroid tissue lymphoepithelial cyst parasitic nodule parathyroid tissue solid cell nests Tay-Sachs thymic tissue thyroglossal duct/cyst
Endocrine abnormalities: amiodarone cretinism hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism myxedema
Thyroiditis: acute autoimmune focal lymphocytic Hashimoto’s infectious lithium palpation post-operative post-partum radiation Riedel’s SARS silent subacute
Bethesda guidelines: adequacy diagnostic categories benign atypia of undetermined significance follicular neoplasm suspicious for malignancy malignant
Hyperplasia / goiter: amyloid goiter C cell hyperplasia dyshormonogenetic goiter endemic goiter Graves’ disease simple and nontoxic multinodular goiter solitary papillary hyperplastic nodule toxic multinodular goiter
Miscellaneous non-neoplastic: black / pigmented thyroid calcification Killian-Jamieson diverticulum malakoplakia plasma cell granuloma sarcoidosis teflon
Benign neoplasms: follicular adenoma granular cell tumor hyalinizing trabecular neoplasm lymphangioma paraganglioma post-operative spindle cell nodule rhabdomyoma Rosai-Dorfman disease solitary fibrous tumor solitary thyroid nodule
Thyroid cancer: general WHO classification children
Papillary thyroid carcinoma: general cytology children
variants: columnar cell cribriform-morular diffuse follicular diffuse sclerosing encapsulated encapsulated follicular follicular macrofollicular microcarcinoma nodular fasciitis oncocytic solid tall cell Warthin-like
Other thyroid carcinoma: anaplastic CASTLE follicular Hürthle cell (oncocytic) tumors insular/poorly differentiated medullary metastases mucoepidermoid sclerosing mucoepidermoid with eosinophilia SETTLE squamous cell well differentiated NOS well differentiated of uncertain malignant potential
Other malignancies: angiosarcoma hemangiopericytoma Langerhans cell histiocytosis lymphoma neuroblastoma plasmacytoma sarcoma teratoma
Miscellaneous: clear cell change features to report frozen section grossing staging
Superpages: pending
Alphabetical table of contents
A-E: acute thyroiditis amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism amyloid goiter anaplastic carcinoma anatomy angiosarcoma aplasia/hypoplasia autoimmune thyroiditis Bethesda guidelines: adequacy Bethesda guidelines: atypia of undetermined significance Bethesda guidelines: benign Bethesda guidelines: diagnostic categories Bethesda guidelines: follicular neoplasm Bethesda guidelines: malignant Bethesda guidelines: suspicious for malignancy black / pigmented thyroid branchial pouch/cleft anomalies C cell hyperplasia calcification CASTLE clear cell change columnar cell variant of PTC cretinism cribriform-morular variant of PTC crystals cystic ultimobranchial body remnants cystinosis cytodiagnostic groups cytology diffuse follicular variant of PTC diffuse sclerosing variant of PTC DiGeorge syndrome dyshormonogenetic goiter embryology encapsulated follicular variant of PTC encapsulated variant of PTC endemic goiter
F-N: features to report FNA tissue effects focal lymphocytic thyroiditis follicular adenoma follicular carcinoma follicular variant of PTC frozen section granular cell tumor Graves’ disease grossing Hashimoto’s thyroiditis hemangiopericytoma heterotopic thyroid tissue histology Hürthle cell (oncocytic) tumors hyalinizing trabecular neoplasm hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism infectious thyroiditis insular/poorly differentiated carcinoma Killian-Jamieson diverticulum Langerhans cell histiocytosis lateral aberrant thyroid lithium thyroiditis lymph nodes with thyroid tissue lymphangioma lymphoepithelial cyst lymphoma macrofollicular variant of PTC malakoplakia medullary carcinoma metastases microcarcinoma variant of PTC mucoepidermoid carcinoma myxedema neuroblastoma nodular fasciitis variant of PTC
O-Z: oncocytic variant of PTC palpation thyroiditis papillary thyroid carcinoma-children papillary thyroid carcinoma-cytology papillary thyroid carcinoma-general paraganglioma parasitic nodule parathyroid tissue physiology plasma cell granuloma plasmacytoma post-operative spindle cell nodule post-operative thyroiditis post-partum thyroiditis primary references radiation thyroiditis rhabdomyoma Riedel’s thyroiditis Rosai-Dorfman disease sarcoidosis sarcoma SARS thyroiditis sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia SETTLE silent thyroiditis simple and nontoxic multinodular goiter solid cell nests solid variant of PTC solitary fibrous tumor solitary papillary hyperplastic nodule solitary thyroid nodule squamous cell carcinoma staging subacute thyroiditis tall cell variant of PTC Tay-Sachs teflon in thyroid teratoma thymic tissue thyroglossal duct/cyst thyroid cancer-children thyroid cancer-general toxic multinodular goiter variations of normal Warthin-like variant of PTC well differentiated carcinoma NOS well differentiated carcinoma of uncertain malignant potential WHO classification of thyroid cancer
Primary references:
top
AJCC
Cancer Staging Manual (7th ed)
Lloyd:
Endocrine Diseases (AFIP Atlas of Nontumor Pathology, 2002, Vol 1)
Rosai:
Tumors of the Thyroid Gland (AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Series 3, Vol 5,
1993)
Websites: PathoPic
Virtual slides: University of Iowa, USCAP, vSlides
End of Thyroid chapter